CARE HOMES FOR OLDER PEOPLE
Homeacre 28 Hayes Road Clacton On Sea Essex CO15 1TX Lead Inspector
Ray Finney Key Unannounced Inspection 24th July 2007 10:00 X10015.doc Version 1.40 Page 1 The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to: • • • • Put the people who use social care first Improve services and stamp out bad practice Be an expert voice on social care Practise what we preach in our own organisation Reader Information
Document Purpose Author Audience Further copies from Copyright Inspection Report CSCI General Public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI www.csci.org.uk Internet address Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 2 This is a report of an inspection to assess whether services are meeting the needs of people who use them. The legal basis for conducting inspections is the Care Standards Act 2000 and the relevant National Minimum Standards for this establishment are those for Care Homes for Older People. They can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or obtained from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop This report is a public document. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the prior permission of the Commission for Social Care Inspection. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 3 SERVICE INFORMATION
Name of service Homeacre Address 28 Hayes Road Clacton On Sea Essex CO15 1TX Telephone number Fax number Email address Provider Web address Name of registered provider(s)/company (if applicable) Name of registered manager (if applicable) Type of registration No. of places registered (if applicable) 01255 425365 F/P 01245 425365 www.littlehomeacre.co.uk Mrs Kathleen Curtis Mrs Kathleen Curtis Care Home 5 Category(ies) of Dementia (5) registration, with number of places Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 4 SERVICE INFORMATION
Conditions of registration: Date of last inspection 3rd August 2006 Brief Description of the Service: Homeacre is a care home providing personal care and accommodation for up to five older people with dementia. The home is situated close to the town centre of Clacton and within walking distance of the seafront. Homeacre is a family run establishment, which cares for people in a homely environment. The care and support of people living in the home is carried out by Mrs Curtis assisted by a small number of staff, most of who are family members or family friends. Facilities consist of five single rooms, lounge and dining room/conservatory. To the rear of the property there is a paved patio area and garden, which is fully accessible. There is a small parking area to the front of the property. The home charges £367.15 per week with additional charges for hairdressing services and for personal items such as newspapers and sweets. This information was provided to us in July 2007. Information about the home can be obtained by contacting the manager; inspection reports are available from the home and from the CSCI website www.csci.org.uk Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 5 SUMMARY
This is an overview of what the inspector found during the inspection. A range of evidence was looked at when compiling this report. Documentary evidence was examined, such as staff rotas, care plans and staff files. The manager and senior care staff completed an Annual Quality Assurance Assessment with information about the home. This document will be referred to as the AQAA throughout the report. A visit to the home took place on 24th July 2007 and included a tour of the premises, discussions with the manager, members of staff and a conversation with a visiting relative. Observations of how members of staff interact and communicate with people living there have also been taken into account. On the day the inspector visited the home, the atmosphere in the home was relaxed and welcoming and the inspector was given every assistance from the manager and all staff on duty. What the service does well:
Relatives and other visitors are made welcome and are happy with the family atmosphere that Homeacre provides. There is good communication between staff and visitors and they speak highly of the care their relatives receive. The home has a stable, committed staff team who know people well and treat them as individuals. As previously reported, the home’s greatest strength is the homely atmosphere and the person-centred way that people are treated. The small staff team work well together to ensure people living in the home receive continuity of care. Homeacre provides traditional home-cooked food that is enjoyed by people living in the home and staff make sure that people’s likes and dislikes are taken into account when planning meals. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 6 What has improved since the last inspection? What they could do better: Please contact the provider for advice of actions taken in response to this inspection. The report of this inspection is available from enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk or by contacting your local CSCI office. The summary of this inspection report can be made available in other formats on request. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 7 DETAILS OF INSPECTOR FINDINGS CONTENTS
Choice of Home (Standards 1–6) Health and Personal Care (Standards 7-11) Daily Life and Social Activities (Standards 12-15) Complaints and Protection (Standards 16-18) Environment (Standards 19-26) Staffing (Standards 27-30) Management and Administration (Standards 31-38) Scoring of Outcomes Statutory Requirements Identified During the Inspection Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 8 Choice of Home
The intended outcomes for Standards 1 – 6 are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Prospective service users have the information they need to make an informed choice about where to live. Each service user has a written contract/ statement of terms and conditions with the home. No service user moves into the home without having had his/her needs assessed and been assured that these will be met. Service users and their representatives know that the home they enter will meet their needs. Prospective service users and their relatives and friends have an opportunity to visit and assess the quality, facilities and suitability of the home. Service users assessed and referred solely for intermediate care are helped to maximise their independence and return home. The Commission considers Standards 3 and 6 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 1, 2 and 3 (standard 6 does not apply) Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. People choosing to live at Homeacre can be confident they will receive sufficient information about the home and that their needs will be assessed before admission. EVIDENCE: The home has recently updated their Statement of Purpose and Service User Guide as part of the process for changes to their registration. Homeacre is now registered to care for five people with dementia. The home has recently developed a website to provide information about the home. On the day of the inspection visit, records examined contain contracts explaining the terms and conditions, which have been signed by the person living in the home or their representative. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 9 Information received in the AQAA submitted by the home states that people living in the home have a pre-admission assessment carried out before moving in. The records of two people were examined, including a person recently admitted to the home. They contain information about the background history of the person. The pre–admission assessment covers a wide range of areas including physical needs, dressing and undressing, pressure sores, falls, safe handling, mobility, mood, behaviour, memory and dietary preferences. The format of the document is mostly a ‘tick box’ type assessment. However, the manager and all staff spoken with are able to demonstrate a very good awareness and knowledge of people’s individual assessed needs. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 10 Health and Personal Care
The intended outcomes for Standards 7 – 11 are: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. The service user’s health, personal and social care needs are set out in an individual plan of care. Service users’ health care needs are fully met. Service users, where appropriate, are responsible for their own medication, and are protected by the home’s policies and procedures for dealing with medicines. Service users feel they are treated with respect and their right to privacy is upheld. Service users are assured that at the time of their death, staff will treat them and their family with care, sensitivity and respect. The Commission considers Standards 7, 8, 9 and 10 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 7, 8, 9 and 10 Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Individuals can be confident that their personal and healthcare needs will be met in Homeacre. Overall there are systems in place that make sure the administration of medication is safe for people living in the home. People can be confident that they will be treated with respect and dignity. EVIDENCE: The AQAA states that care plans are in place and reviewed frequently. A sample of care plans examined show that they have been developed from the pre-admission assessments. The morning routines are well documented with good details about how people living in the home like to have their personal care provided. Individual’s morning personal care routines are displayed on the inside of the wardrobe in their bedroom so that all members of staff have the necessary information to ensure care is provided in a consistent manner.
Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 11 Care plans could be improved if they are further developed to ensure all aspects of the person’s care including their likes and wishes around food, individual behaviours and daily activities are as well detailed as the morning routines. The manager and senior staff spoken with are able to demonstrate a good awareness of people’s individual healthcare needs. Records examined confirm that people are supported to access healthcare professionals as required. People’s individual files contain details of prescribed medication. A senior carer has compiled a record book containing details of each individual’s medication, what it is prescribed for and the side effects. As at the last inspection visit, no one has the capacity to manage their own medication. Storage of medication is in a locked kitchen cupboard, but this is neither metal nor fireproof. There are no controlled drugs in use at present, but current storage does not meet the requirements for storage of controlled drugs should any be prescribed. Items requiring controlled temperatures are stored in the kitchen fridge. The manager confirmed that they have a small separate fridge that could be used for medication if required. The system in place for the storage of medication needs to be reviewed to look at more secure ways of storing medicines. Medicine Administration Record (MAR) sheets are completed appropriately and staff spoken with are able to demonstrate a good knowledge of medications prescribed for people living in the home. The manager and staff spoken with all demonstrate good individual, person centred approaches to caring for the people living at Homeacre. One relative spoken with is complimentary about the home and how their relative is cared for. Observations on the day of the inspection show that people are treated with dignity and respect. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 12 Daily Life and Social Activities
The intended outcomes for Standards 12 - 15 are: 12. 13. 14. 15. Service users find the lifestyle experienced in the home matches their expectations and preferences, and satisfies their social, cultural, religious and recreational interests and needs. Service users maintain contact with family/ friends/ representatives and the local community as they wish. Service users are helped to exercise choice and control over their lives. Service users receive a wholesome appealing balanced diet in pleasing surroundings at times convenient to them. The Commission considers all of the above key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 12, 13, 14 and 15 Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Homeacre provides people who live there with variety and choice. People living in the home benefit from maintaining good contact with family and friends and they are provided with a varied diet that they enjoy. EVIDENCE: There have been improvements in the way people are supported to make choices around activities since the last inspection. A senior carer discussed how they encourage and support people to make choices and have developed a folder containing laminated pictures to help with the process. The AQAA states that people living in the home are ‘happy and contented’ and this is confirmed by observations on the day of the inspection. As previously reported, people enjoy watching DVDs and the home has a satellite receiver so that they can enjoy films. The home is situated very close to the town and people are supported to access local facilities such as the library. The home has introduced modelling clay to help people exercise their hands and keep them supple.
Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 13 Two people living in the home attend clubs on a weekly basis. One person enjoys going out in the car for a drive or to the supermarket. A relative spoken with confirmed that they are made welcome in the home and the staff team have developed close, supportive relationships with relatives. Observations on the day of the inspection confirm that staff are ‘good listeners’ and communicate well with people living in the home, supporting them to make choices. There is very much a ‘home from home’ family atmosphere at Homeacre. The lunchtime meal was observed on the day of the inspection. Staff prepare traditional home cooked food that people are seen to enjoy. Visiting relatives are welcome to stay for a meal and there is a homely atmosphere. Evidence was seen of fresh foods, fruit and vegetables that are used. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 14 Complaints and Protection
The intended outcomes for Standards 16 - 18 are: 16. 17. 18. Service users and their relatives and friends are confident that their complaints will be listened to, taken seriously and acted upon. Service users’ legal rights are protected. Service users are protected from abuse. The Commission considers Standards 16 and 18 the key standards to be. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 16 and 18 Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. The home has a complaints procedure that ensures complaints will be taken seriously, listened to and acted upon. Procedures in the home ensure people living there are protected from abuse. EVIDENCE: As at the last inspection, the home has an appropriate policy and procedure around complaints. No complaints have been received in the last twelve months. The small size of the home and the family culture ensures that any minor concerns are dealt with as they arise. Although people spoken with confirm that they are confident that any small concern would be sorted out, documenting minor concerns as well as major complains would demonstrate that people’s concerns are taken seriously and acted upon. The AQAA states, “all staff have had POVA training and are CRB checked”. A sample of three staff files examined all contain evidence of Criminal Record Bureau (CRB) checks. Staff spoken with confirm that they have received training around Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA). Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 15 Environment
The intended outcomes for Standards 19 – 26 are: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Service users live in a safe, well-maintained environment. Service users have access to safe and comfortable indoor and outdoor communal facilities. Service users have sufficient and suitable lavatories and washing facilities. Service users have the specialist equipment they require to maximise their independence. Service users’ own rooms suit their needs. Service users live in safe, comfortable bedrooms with their own possessions around them. Service users live in safe, comfortable surroundings. The home is clean, pleasant and hygienic. The Commission considers Standards 19 and 26 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 19, 24 and 26 Quality in this outcome area is adequate. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Overall, people living in Homeacre benefit from a homely environment that is clean and pleasant, although improvements need to be made around maintenance if people are to remain safe. People may be confident that their bedrooms are comfortable and they are surrounded by their own possessions, although they do not have secure storage facilities. EVIDENCE: The AQAA gives details of new furniture that has been purchased since the last inspection, including a settee and chairs in the lounge, a dining suite and new beds in some of the rooms. A tour of the premises also confirms that there has been redecoration in the lounge, dining room and some bedrooms. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 16 The furnishings throughout the home are homely and domestic. However, some items are not in a good state of repair. One person’s bedroom had a chest of drawers with a broken handle and a lamp with a broken lampshade. Both of these broken items could pose a risk to an elderly person with fragile skin. Some of the rooms are quite cluttered, which could pose a trip hazard for elderly people who are unsteady on their feet. Individual bedrooms contain domestic furnishings, beds, drawers and wardrobes and all have washbasins. However, people do not have lockable storage space where they can keep medication, money or valuables. One person is prescribed cream, which is applied after receiving personal care and this is stored in the person’s bedroom but there is no lockable cupboard for storage of the cream and this could pose a risk to vulnerable people who are confused. A tour of the premises confirmed that the home continues to be kept clean and free from offensive odours and staff were observed to demonstrate good practices around keeping the premises clean. However, the upstairs bathroom had a commode pot soaking in a sanitising solution, which could pose a risk to vulnerable people who are confused. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 17 Staffing
The intended outcomes for Standards 27 – 30 are: 27. 28. 29. 30. Service users’ needs are met by the numbers and skill mix of staff. Service users are in safe hands at all times. Service users are supported and protected by the home’s recruitment policy and practices. Staff are trained and competent to do their jobs. The Commission consider all the above are key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 27, 28, 29 and 30 Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. People living in Homeacre benefit from a competent staff team, who receive the training they need. The home’s recruitment procedure provides the safeguards to ensure that appropriate staff are employed. EVIDENCE: As at previous inspections the small staff team work closely together in a flexible manner so that they can respond to the needs of people living in the home. Any event affecting people living there such as illness or a hospital admission and the staff rally round, put in extra hours and overall ‘go the extra mile’. The commitment of the management team and care staff ensures that there are always sufficient staff on duty. Since the last inspection, two senior staff have completed a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) at level 4 and another member of staff has enrolled for NVQ level 3. Records examined show that five out of a total of eight care staff have an NVQ qualification. The home has a very low turnover of staff and there have been no new staff employed since the last inspection. The recruitment procedure remains appropriate.
Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 18 Two staff files were sampled and, as at the last inspection visit, there is evidence of appropriate documentation around recruitment such as staff photographs, proof of identity, declaration of fitness to work in a care home and Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) checks. Staff spoken with show an enthusiasm around training and records examined confirm that staff keep up to date with training. All staff have attended Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA) training and fire safety in the last year and have recently enrolled on a palliative care course. There are plans for updating first aid training in the next few months. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 19 Management and Administration
The intended outcomes for Standards 31 – 38 are: 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Service users live in a home which is run and managed by a person who is fit to be in charge, of good character and able to discharge his or her responsibilities fully. Service users benefit from the ethos, leadership and management approach of the home. The home is run in the best interests of service users. Service users are safeguarded by the accounting and financial procedures of the home. Service users’ financial interests are safeguarded. Staff are appropriately supervised. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s record keeping, policies and procedures. The health, safety and welfare of service users and staff are promoted and protected. The Commission considers Standards 31, 33, 35 and 38 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 31, 32, 33, 35 and 38 Quality in this outcome area is adequate. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Overall, Homeacre is run by a competent management team and people living there can be confident that the home is run in their best interests. Improvements need to be made to health and safety issues if people are to be protected by the home’s procedures. EVIDENCE: Two senior members of staff have completed a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) level 4 Registered Manager’s Award; however, the manager has not obtained the qualification. Although the management team work closely together, the registered manager who is in day-to-day control of
Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 20 the home has a responsibility to obtain appropriate qualifications so that she meets all standards that apply to the registered manager. Discussions with members of staff, the management team and relatives show a strong person centred ethos in the home. Staff are able to demonstrate a common purpose, which is to recognise the individuality of all those living in Homeacre and to provide care in a way that promotes the home’s family atmosphere. Since the last inspection, the home continues to make progress with their quality assurance system. The AQAA states that the quality assurance system has improved. Staff spoken with are confident that their views are taken into account. One relative spoken with is enthusiastic about the care provided by the home and confirms that relatives are very much involved in decision-making processes. Completed surveys received from relatives contain positive comments about the home. One person said, “No problems at all, we are very happy with the care our relative is getting”. The management team need to continue to build on the work they are doing around quality assurance and develop an action plan for the home that takes into account feedback from staff, relatives and people living in the home. As at the last inspection, no one in the home has the capacity to manage their own finances; this is carried out by relatives. The home only looks after the finances of one person, who is also a relative of the manager. Records examined show that any money spent is appropriately documented and receipts are in place. Information provided in the AQAA dataset state that servicing of equipment is carried out including electrical equipment, the stair lift, fire equipment, gas appliances and emergency call equipment. A sample of records examined confirms that servicing and testing has been carried out. The home has COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) assessments on hazardous substances such as cleaning products. However, on the day of the inspection during a tour of the premises, a cupboard in the upstairs bathroom containing cleaning products was observed to have a key in the lock. This could pose a risk to confused elderly people. Overall the kitchen was observed to be clean and staff are aware of good practices around hand washing. However, the home’s culture of being a ‘home-from-home’ means that some professional practices around the storage of food are not in place, such as leftover food stored in the fridge was not labelled and there was nothing to confirm how long it had been there. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 21 Although, as stated in the AQAA, there is a high ratio of staff to people living in the home, people are not constantly supervised and are free to come and go throughout the home as they please. This reinforces the feeling that people are living in their ‘own home’. However, a tour of the premises highlighted some areas of risk. The upstairs bathroom window does not have a window restrictor fitted and opens over a long drop; a confused elderly person could be at risk of falling. Similarly double doors leading from one bedroom on to a balcony at the front of the premises are secured by a small bolt at the bottom. This could easily be knocked open and would again pose a risk. The home needs to carry out a thorough audit of the premises to identify all areas where there may be health and safety risks for the people living there and make improvements where potential dangers are identified. Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 22 SCORING OF OUTCOMES
This page summarises the assessment of the extent to which the National Minimum Standards for Care Homes for Older People have been met and uses the following scale. The scale ranges from:
4 Standard Exceeded 2 Standard Almost Met (Commendable) (Minor Shortfalls) 3 Standard Met 1 Standard Not Met (No Shortfalls) (Major Shortfalls) “X” in the standard met box denotes standard not assessed on this occasion “N/A” in the standard met box denotes standard not applicable
CHOICE OF HOME Standard No Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 ENVIRONMENT Standard No Score 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 3 3 3 X X N/A HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE Standard No Score 7 2 8 3 9 2 10 3 11 X DAILY LIFE AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES Standard No Score 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 COMPLAINTS AND PROTECTION Standard No Score 16 3 17 X 18 3 2 X X X X 2 X 3 STAFFING Standard No Score 27 3 28 3 29 3 30 3 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Standard No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Score 2 3 3 X 3 X X 1 Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 23 Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? Yes STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS This section sets out the actions, which must be taken so that the registered person/s meets the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The Registered Provider(s) must comply with the given timescales. No. 1. Standard OP38 Regulation 13(4)(a) Timescale for action People living in the home should 20/08/07 not be exposed to risk from chemicals, in particular the key must be removed from the lockable bathroom cupboard where hazardous substances are stored and commode pots should not be left soaking in a bathroom where people have access. People living in the home must 31/08/07 be kept safe by providing window restrictors or appropriate locks based on an assessment of their vulnerability and the potential risk. This applies to windows in communal areas such as the upstairs bathroom and individual’s rooms such as the bedroom with balcony doors. Requirement 2. OP38 13(4)(c) Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 24 RECOMMENDATIONS These recommendations relate to National Minimum Standards and are seen as good practice for the Registered Provider/s to consider carrying out. No. 1. Refer to Standard OP7 Good Practice Recommendations The management team should continue to develop care plans so that they contain more details about all aspects of people’s health, personal and social care needs in a similar way to the plans in place around people’s morning routines. The storage facilities for medication should be reviewed to ensure that the home has appropriate facilities to store medications that may be prescribed for people living in the home. This includes medications that need to be stored at a controlled temperature. A drug cupboard should comply with the Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 1973. The management team should carry out an audit of furnishings, fixtures and fittings around the home and repair or replace anything that is broken. This would ensure that people living in the home are not put at risk of harm from damaged furnishings such as the broken chest of drawers and lamp in one of the bedrooms. Everyone living in the home should have their own lockable storage facility where any valuables or items such as creams can be kept safely and where they will not pose a risk to vulnerable people who are confused. The registered manager should obtain a qualification of NVQ level 4 in management and care (or the equivalent). This would ensure people living in the home benefit from a robust management structure in which the manager has obtained the qualifications needed to meet the National Minimum Standard. This has been a requirement at the last two inspections and should now be addressed as a matter of urgency. People living in the home should be protected by safe working practices around the storage of food, in particular opened food that is stored in the refrigerator should be clearly labelled and dated. 2. OP9 3. OP19 4. OP24 5. OP31 6. OP38 Homeacre DS0000017853.V346879.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 25 Commission for Social Care Inspection Colchester Local Office 1st Floor, Fairfax House Causton Road Colchester Essex CO1 1RJ National Enquiry Line: Telephone: 0845 015 0120 or 0191 233 3323 Textphone: 0845 015 2255 or 0191 233 3588 Email: enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk Web: www.csci.org.uk
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