Inspection on 15/05/07 for Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home

This inspection was carried out on 15th May 2007.

CSCI has not published a star rating for this report, though using similar criteria we estimate that the report is Excellent. The way we rate inspection reports is consistent for all houses, though please be aware that this may be different from an official CSCI judgement.

The inspector found no outstanding requirements from the previous inspection report, but made 1 statutory requirements (actions the home must comply with) as a result of this inspection.

Other inspections for this house

Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home 15/03/06

Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home 02/08/05

Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home 17/08/04

Similar services:

Snydale Care Home

Fairmount Nursing Home

Currergate Nursing Home

Brookfield

Castlethorpe Care Home

Elmleigh Convent

Woodlands Respite Care Centre

Beanlands Nursing Home

Extracts from inspection reports are licensed from CQC, this page was updated on 09/07/2008.

CARE HOME ADULTS 18-65 Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home 8-10 Staveley Road Nab Wood Shipley West Yorkshire BD18 4HD Lead Inspector Chris Levi Key Unannounced Inspection 15th May 2007 09:15 Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 1 The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to: • • • • Put the people who use social care first Improve services and stamp out bad practice Be an expert voice on social care Practise what we preach in our own organisation Reader Information Document Purpose Author Audience Further copies from Copyright Inspection Report CSCI General Public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI www.csci.org.uk Internet address Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 2 This is a report of an inspection to assess whether services are meeting the needs of people who use them. The legal basis for conducting inspections is the Care Standards Act 2000 and the relevant National Minimum Standards for this establishment are those for Care Homes for Adults 18-65. They can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or obtained from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop This report is a public document. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the prior permission of the Commission for Social Care Inspection. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 3 SERVICE INFORMATION Name of service Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home Address 8-10 Staveley Road Nab Wood Shipley West Yorkshire BD18 4HD 01274 588288 01274 532476 eng@czajka.co.uk Telephone number Fax number Email address Provider Web address Name of registered provider(s)/company (if applicable) Name of registered manager (if applicable) Type of registration No. of places registered (if applicable) Czajka Properties Limited Miss Valerie Iris Bland Care Home 60 Category(ies) of Physical disability (60), Terminally ill (1) registration, with number of places Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 4 SERVICE INFORMATION Conditions of registration: Date of last inspection 15th March 2006 Brief Description of the Service: Staveley Birk Leas is a converted, extended property situated in Nab Wood, close to the village of Saltaire. The home is registered to provide nursing care for up to 60 adults with physical disabilities, aged between 18 and 65 years. The home provides long-term care but also has a separate rehabilitation unit for up to nine people. The home provides 60 single bedrooms, 46 of which have en-suite bath or shower facilities. There are twelve separate lounge and dining areas through the home and a sufficient number of communal toilets and bathrooms. There are well maintained gardens surrounding the home and an enclosed courtyard garden outside the rehabilitation unit. The weekly fees at the time of the visit are £970 to £1100. Additional charges are made for hairdressing, chiropody newspapers, toiletries and holidays. Information about the inspection report is given to residents and staff via meetings and a copy of the report is displayed in the entrance hall. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 5 SUMMARY This is an overview of what the inspector found during the inspection. A review of information about the home held by the Commission for Social Care Inspection. This included looking at the number of reported accidents, complaints and compliments from residents and relatives and the written and verbal opinions of residents and relatives who live and visit Staveley BirkLeas. This information was used to plan the inspection visit. The providers were not notified of this inspection in advance. This enabled the inspector to observe how the home is run on a day-to-day basis, without any changes being made to the usual routines of residents and staff. The visit started at 9.15 am and finished at 4pm. The person in charge of the home was the Manager Ms V Bland, who, with the owner, Mr Czajka, and the management team, were made aware of the findings at the end of the inspection. Most of the day was spent talking to residents, relatives, management and staff, to find out what it is like to live, work and visit Staveley BirkLeas. Ten residents survey forms were completed during the visit. They indicated residents were happy living at the home. What the service does well: Staveley Birk Leas is a well managed, friendly home, with excellent environmental standards. Staff work hard to support residents achieve a good quality of life, by maintaining their independence, supporting them with their care and health needs, and providing an interesting place to live. This does present issues of risk to residents, but these are very effectively considered, recorded and managed as part of the resident’s plan of care. Managers and staff work hard to ensure residents maximize opportunities to be part of the local community. The staff have a good working relationship with external professionals who visit the home to provide specialist services to some people who live there. Staff recruitment and training is thorough, to ensure staff are skilled to provide support and care to vulnerable older people. The staff team of ninety are well trained and organised. They are experienced, know what they are doing and have a good knowledge of the residents they care for. They have good relationships with residents and relatives. Relatives feel welcome at the home. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 6 What has improved since the last inspection? What they could do better: Please contact the provider for advice of actions taken in response to this inspection. The report of this inspection is available from enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk or by contacting your local CSCI office. The summary of this inspection report can be made available in other formats on request. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 7 DETAILS OF INSPECTOR FINDINGS CONTENTS Choice of Home (Standards 1–5) Individual Needs and Choices (Standards 6-10) Lifestyle (Standards 11-17) Personal and Healthcare Support (Standards 18-21) Concerns, Complaints and Protection (Standards 22-23) Environment (Standards 24-30) Staffing (Standards 31-36) Conduct and Management of the Home (Standards 37 – 43) Scoring of Outcomes Statutory Requirements Identified During the Inspection Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 8 Choice of Home The intended outcomes for Standards 1 – 5 are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Prospective service users have the information they need to make an informed choice about where to live. Prospective users’ individual aspirations and needs are assessed. Prospective service users know that the home that they will choose will meet their needs and aspirations. Prospective service users have an opportunity to visit and to “test drive” the home. Each service user has an individual written contract or statement of terms and conditions with the home. The Commission consider Standard 2 the key standard to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards 1, 2 and 5. People who use the service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. Prospective residents have access to suitable written information regarding the facilities and services provided by the home, which would assist them to make a choice about living there. Prospective residents undergo a comprehensive process of assessment, to ensure that their care and support needs can be met. EVIDENCE: The home has produced written information about services provided at Staveley Birk Leas. It is clear and easy to read and should help people decide if they wish to live at the home. Senior managers at the home, spend time with prospective residents assessing their needs, because most of the residents who move to the home have complex physical needs. This is achieved by talking to the person about how they want to live their life, assessing if staff can meet those needs and visits to the home before moving in. One resident said she had visited with a relative Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 9 and talked to staff before making the decision to move to the home. She was very positive about her decision, and said staff are kind and helpful. A comprehensive pre-admission assessment was seen. There was detail necessary to ensure the resident’s needs with associated risks could be met. All residents are issued with written copies of their contract of occupancy. These are reviewed on an annual basis to reflect the accurate weekly charges made by the provider for the service. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 10 Individual Needs and Choices The intended outcomes for Standards 6 – 10 are: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Service users know their assessed and changing needs and personal goals are reflected in their individual Plan. Service users make decisions about their lives with assistance as needed. Service users are consulted on, and participate in, all aspects of life in the home. Service users are supported to take risks as part of an independent lifestyle. Service users know that information about them is handled appropriately, and that their confidences are kept. The Commission considers Standards 6, 7 and 9 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards 6, 7, 8 and 9 People who use the service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. Plans are in place to enable individuals to live their lives as they would wish, and risks are assessed and well managed. EVIDENCE: Each person living at Staveley BirkLeas has a written plan of care to provide staff with information about how the person wishes to live their life and what support is needed from staff to achieve that goal. One plan was looked at in detail. It contained all the information about the complex needs of the person. It was comprehensive, clear and easy for staff to understand and regularly reviewed. Risks taken by the person were identified, discussed, and a plan of action agreed with staff. One risk, relating to smoking cigarettes in the home, was Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 11 regularly updated and reviewed with the resident, to minimise the risk of a fire in the home. A number of residents gave examples of independent lifestyles that had an element of risk. The risks had been identified and agreed with staff. Regular residents/ relatives meetings take place, the last on the 2nd April 07 where activities and food were discussed. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 12 Lifestyle The intended outcomes for Standards 11 - 17 are: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Service users have opportunities for personal development. Service users are able to take part in age, peer and culturally appropriate activities. Service users are part of the local community. Service users engage in appropriate leisure activities. Service users have appropriate personal, family and sexual relationships. Service users’ rights are respected and responsibilities recognised in their daily lives. Service users are offered a healthy diet and enjoy their meals and mealtimes. The Commission considers Standards 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17 People who use the service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. People who live at Staveley Birk Leas are encouraged to take part in the usual everyday activities involved in living in the community, with opportunities for personal development. EVIDENCE: The staff team led by the social activities coordinator is well motivated to research and offer appropriate activities for the people living at the home. Two people are in paid work, one of whom was seen before leaving the home for the day. She continues to live a full an active life despite being disabled. A number of residents have one to one support to enable them to participate in community activities, which they are unable to attend without support. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 13 One resident was planning a holiday in Scotland with a relative. Another meets regularly with friends in the local community. The homes activities co-ordinator is in contact with every resident on his or her arrival. Their goals and aspirations are discussed, recorded and where possible plans are put in place to achieve the goals. There are regular planned activities within the home, which are publicised to ensure those who want to attend, do so. Residents said that they enjoyed food served at the home. One was delighted with the effort the catering staff makes to ensure she has a varied vegetarian diet, which she enjoys. A new cook had been introduced to the residents and he was talking to them about what they would like to see on the menu. Anyone who does not like the choices available at mealtime will be provided with an alternative, which they enjoy. At mealtimes, staff were observed discreetly assisting residents who were unable to eat without assistance. The home has a small number of residents who are Muslim. Their religious dietary needs are met by the use of halal meats. Visitors are welcomed to the home. One said she visits almost everyday and said, “staff are wonderful”. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 14 Personal and Healthcare Support The intended outcomes for Standards 18 - 21 are: 18. 19. 20. 21. Service users receive personal support in the way they prefer and require. Service users’ physical and emotional health needs are met. Service users retain, administer and control their own medication where appropriate, and are protected by the home’s policies and procedures for dealing with medicines. The ageing, illness and death of a service user are handled with respect and as the individual would wish. The Commission considers Standards 18, 19, and 20 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards 18, 19 and 20 People who use the service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. The health and personal care needs of residents is met, in a way that maintains their dignity and independence. EVIDENCE: Many of the residents have very complex needs and the care records showed the involvement of a variety of different health and social care professionals. These include tissue viability nurse, epilepsy nurse, speech therapist, occupational therapist, neurologist, and social workers. The home employs a team of physiotherapists and has its own physiotherapy room. This service is value by residents and relatives. The policy and procedure for the safe administration of medication has been reviewed and updated. It provides information about staff responsibility when a resident wishes to administer their own medication. Evidence was seen that currently one resident remains in control of their medication. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 15 Medicines are stored safely, and checked to ensure they are correct before and after drugs arrive from the pharmacist. The procedure for the management of controlled drugs was checked and is safe. A member of staff was observed administering medicine to a resident. It was done in a sensitive way, but it is advised that the medicine’s administration record is taken to the resident with the medicines, and signed as administered immediately, to avoid recording errors, which may impact on the health of the resident. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 16 Concerns, Complaints and Protection The intended outcomes for Standards 22 – 23 are: 22. 23. Service users feel their views are listened to and acted on. Service users are protected from abuse, neglect and self-harm. The Commission considers Standards 22, and 23 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards 22 and 23 People who use the service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. Residents are able to complain, and all staff are trained to understand adult abuse, to ensure they protect residents at the home. EVIDENCE: The home provides copies of the complaints procedure to all residents and relatives when they move into the home. The recording of complaints now includes how the complaint was investigated, and the outcome for the complainant. This book was examined and confirmed that all complaints were investigated and appropriate action taken. Residents said they would tell the manager, if they had concerns. A senior manager visits the home on a monthly basis and asks residents if they have any concerns. This provides residents with the opportunity to talk in confidence to someone not working at the home and be reassured any complaint concern is dealt with. All staff receive training to recognise and report allegations of abuse. In discussion with a member of staff he was clear about his responsibilities; should he feel an incident of resident abuse had occurred. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 17 A senior member of the organisation is a representative on an external group that looks at ways of improving systems to report allegations of abuse. This benefits staff at the home, as they are amongst the first to receive the latest information and guidance. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 18 Environment The intended outcomes for Standards 24 – 30 are: 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Service users live in a homely, comfortable and safe environment. Service users’ bedrooms suit their needs and lifestyles. Service users’ bedrooms promote their independence. Service users’ toilets and bathrooms provide sufficient privacy and meet their individual needs. Shared spaces complement and supplement service users’ individual rooms. Service users have the specialist equipment they require to maximise their independence. The home is clean and hygienic. The Commission considers Standards 24, and 30 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 People who use the service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. Residents benefit from living in a home that is safe, well maintained and of a very high standard. EVIDENCE: Every resident has their own room, 47 of which have en-suite facilities that have been specifically designed to enable people with physical disabilities to remain independent where possible. They include a walk in shower, toilet and wash hand basin. This style of bathing promotes individuals level of independence with support by staff when needed. There is a specialist physiotherapist room where the full time physiotherapists provide support to residents who require this therapy. The individual rooms are spacious and fitted with appropriate aids and adaptations to meet the individual’s needs, whilst maintaining their Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 19 independence and dignity. They are fitted and furnished to high standards and suitable for physically disable people. They were also highly personalised and those visited reflected the character and interests of the individual who live there. There are a number of communal toilets and bathrooms designed to be accessible and usable by people with disabilities. The home has a fire safety risk assessment approved by the external fire safety officer. Domestic, laundry, and maintenance staff work hard to provide a clean and safe environment for the well being of both staff and residents. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 20 Staffing The intended outcomes for Standards 31 – 36 are: 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Service users benefit from clarity of staff roles and responsibilities. Service users are supported by competent and qualified staff. Service users are supported by an effective staff team. Service users are supported and protected by the home’s recruitment policy and practices. Service users’ individual and joint needs are met by appropriately trained staff. Service users benefit from well supported and supervised staff. The Commission considers Standards 32, 34 and 35 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards 32, 34 and 35 People who use the service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. The procedures for the recruitment, training, and deployment of staff is thorough and protects people living in the home. EVIDENCE: The number of staff on duty was appropriate to meet the current needs of the residents. The recruitment files of two members of staff were looked at. They contained all relevant information, with evidence that references and police checks had been completed before commencing employment, to ensure they were fit to work with vulnerable adults. References received in Polish should be translated, or evidence provided by the reader that the reference is satisfactory to offer them employment and protect the vulnerable people they will care for. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 21 The induction programme for new staff is comprehensive and the management team makes checks, which demonstrates that staff understand the training they have received, before they work alone with residents. Staff said they enjoy the extensive training they receive, and felt it helped them to provide good levels of care to residents. All staff are offered the opportunity to undertake a care qualification to help them develop good care skills. 39 of care staff have achieved a formal care qualification, and others are undertaking this qualification. The home employs a number of staff from other countries. They undertake training in understanding and speaking a good standard of English, so that they can understand, and be understood by the residents. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 22 Conduct and Management of the Home The intended outcomes for Standards 37 – 43 are: 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Service users benefit from a well run home. Service users benefit from the ethos, leadership and management approach of the home. Service users are confident their views underpin all self-monitoring, review and development by the home. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s policies and procedures. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s record keeping policies and procedures. The health, safety and welfare of service users are promoted and protected. Service users benefit from competent and accountable management of the service. The Commission considers Standards 37, 39, and 42 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Standards.37, 39 and 42 People who use the service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to the service. Staveley Birk Leas is a very well managed home, where residents and staff feel valued. EVIDENCE: The manager, Ms V Bland, has managed Staveley BirkLeas for a number of years. She has been registered as a suitable manager with the Commission for Social Care Inspection. She is a registered nurse with extensive experience of managing services for younger adults with physical disabilities. She manages a staff team of 90 and has a team including a deputy and senior nurses to assist her manage this complex service. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 23 Mrs I Jest, Area Manager for the Czajka Care Group visits the home on a regular basis and produces a monthly report about events that happen in the home. Copies of these reports are valued by the inspector, as they help to inform the inspection report. The owner, Mr Czajka regularly attends residents and staff meetings to listen to the views of the people who use the services, and work in the home. The organisation has a yearly quality monitoring system that includes the views of residents, staff, and others involved with the home. These audits are analyzed and changes made to the service where appropriate. Results are published and issued to those people who took part in the process, to increase the sense of inclusion about decision making in the home. This years questionnaires were still being returned at the time of the visit. The home has very thorough health and safety checking systems in place, to ensure the safety and well being of anyone in the building. The maintenance person has responsibilities for checking that systems within the home are safe and well maintained. The home has a fire safety risk assessment approved by the external fire safety officer. Documents sent to the inspector before the visit indicate that all maintenance and servicing of equipment used in the home has been serviced, and is safe to use. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 24 SCORING OF OUTCOMES This page summarises the assessment of the extent to which the National Minimum Standards for Care Homes for Adults 18-65 have been met and uses the following scale. The scale ranges from: 4 Standard Exceeded 2 Standard Almost Met (Commendable) (Minor Shortfalls) 3 Standard Met 1 Standard Not Met (No Shortfalls) (Major Shortfalls) “X” in the standard met box denotes standard not assessed on this occasion “N/A” in the standard met box denotes standard not applicable CHOICE OF HOME Standard No Score 1 3 2 3 3 x 4 x 5 3 INDIVIDUAL NEEDS AND CHOICES Standard No 6 7 8 9 10 Score CONCERNS AND COMPLAINTS Standard No Score 22 4 23 4 ENVIRONMENT Standard No Score 24 4 25 4 26 4 27 4 28 4 29 4 30 4 STAFFING Standard No Score 31 x 32 4 33 x 34 4 35 4 36 x CONDUCT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE HOME Standard No 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Score 4 4 4 4 x LIFESTYLES Standard No Score 11 x 12 4 13 4 14 x 15 4 16 4 17 4 PERSONAL AND HEALTHCARE SUPPORT Standard No 18 19 20 21 Score 4 4 2 x 4 x 4 x x 4 x Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 25 Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? No STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS This section sets out the actions, which must be taken so that the registered person/s meets the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The Registered Provider(s) must comply with the given timescales. No. 1 Standard YA20 Regulation 13 (2) Requirement The medicine’s administration record must be taken to the resident with the medicines, and signed as administered immediately, to avoid errors in recording that may impact on the health of the resident. Timescale for action 30/06/07 RECOMMENDATIONS These recommendations relate to National Minimum Standards and are seen as good practice for the Registered Provider/s to consider carrying out. No. 1 Refer to Standard YA34 Good Practice Recommendations References received in Polish should be translated, or evidence provided by the reader that the reference is satisfactory to offer them employment and protect the vulnerable people they will care for. Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 26 Commission for Social Care Inspection Aire House Town Street Rodley Leeds LS13 1HP National Enquiry Line: Telephone: 0845 015 0120 or 0191 233 3323 Textphone: 0845 015 2255 or 0191 233 3588 Email: enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk Web: www.csci.org.uk © This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI Staveley Birk Leas Nursing Home DS0000019854.V329379.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 27 - Please note that this information is included on www.bestcarehome.co.uk under license from the regulator. Re-publishing this information is in breach of the terms of use of that website. Discrete codes and changes have been inserted throughout the textual data shown on the site that will provide incontrovertable proof of copying in the event this information is re-published on other websites. The policy of www.bestcarehome.co.uk is to use all legal avenues to pursue such offenders, including recovery of costs. You have been warned!