Inspection on 22/04/08 for Lucerne House (21-23)

This inspection was carried out on 22nd April 2008.

CSCI has not published a star rating for this report, though using similar criteria we estimate that the report is Adequate. The way we rate inspection reports is consistent for all houses, though please be aware that this may be different from an official CSCI judgement.

The inspector found there to be outstanding requirements from the previous inspection report but made no statutory requirements on the home.

Other inspections for this house

Lucerne House (21-23) 13/10/09

Lucerne House (21-23) 23/05/07

Lucerne House (21-23) 08/05/06

Lucerne House (21-23) 10/02/06

Lucerne House (21-23) 01/11/05

Lucerne House (21-23) 10/03/05

Lucerne House (21-23) 28/07/04

Similar services:

Ashlong House

Norbury Crescent (30)

Edenvale

Wadham Avenue

Chatsworth Care - Dawson House

Cowden Road, 52 - 54

Chatsworth Care - Tudor Lodge

Foxley Lane (121a)

Extracts from inspection reports are licensed from CQC, this page was updated on 28/09/2008.

CARE HOME ADULTS 18-65 Lucerne House (21-23) 21-23 Lucerne Road Thornton Heath Croydon Surrey CR7 7BB Lead Inspector James Pitts Key Unannounced Inspection 22nd April 2008 10:30 Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 1 The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to: • • • • Put the people who use social care first Improve services and stamp out bad practice Be an expert voice on social care Practise what we preach in our own organisation Reader Information Document Purpose Author Audience Further copies from Copyright Inspection Report CSCI General Public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI www.csci.org.uk Internet address Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 2 This is a report of an inspection to assess whether services are meeting the needs of people who use them. The legal basis for conducting inspections is the Care Standards Act 2000 and the relevant National Minimum Standards for this establishment are those for Care Homes for Adults 18-65. They can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or obtained from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop This report is a public document. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the prior permission of the Commission for Social Care Inspection. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 3 SERVICE INFORMATION Name of service Lucerne House (21-23) Address 21-23 Lucerne Road Thornton Heath Croydon Surrey CR7 7BB 020 8239 9547 020 8239 1151 Telephone number Fax number Email address Provider Web address Name of registered provider(s)/company (if applicable) Name of registered manager (if applicable) Type of registration No. of places registered (if applicable) Mrs Naomi Wallen Mr Wayne Wallen Mrs Naomi Wallen Care Home 6 Category(ies) of Learning disability (6) registration, with number of places Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 4 SERVICE INFORMATION Conditions of registration: 1. The registered person may provide the following category of service only: Care Home Only (CRH - PC) to service users of the following gender: Either whose primary care needs on admission to the home are within the following categories: 2. Learning disability - Code LD The maximum number of service users who can be accommodated is: 6 Date of last inspection Brief Description of the Service: 21 and 23 Lucerne Road were two terraced houses, which have been joined by means of walkways on the ground and first floors. Having applied two years ago to run the two establishments as one home, the Registered Providers are registered as a single home accommodating up to a maximum of six adults with learning disabilities. At the time of inspection the home had one vacancy as a service user moved out earlier this year. The home is close to the town centre and accessible public transport. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 5 SUMMARY This is an overview of what the inspector found during the inspection. The star quality rating for this service is 1 star. This means that people who use these services experience adequate quality outcomes. Since the previous key standards inspection in May 2007, it was seen that still more improvements have been made, which can clearly be seen to be as a result of the continued increasing awareness of the proprietor. This new knowledge has been obtained as a direct result of undertaking the NVQ level 4 qualification, which was completed in late 2007. It is important for those reading this report to have an understanding of the situation in which the home is operating. Early in 2007 a service user moved from the home, by their own choice, which left a vacancy that has not been filled. Another service user then left not long after the previous inspection to move to more independent accommodation. This left two people in residence, which remains the case at the present time. The proprietor explained during this inspection that no new referrals have been received for quite some time and as this is the case they have separated the two properties that had been joined to create a larger home back into the original houses. One of these is where the proprietor now operates the home and the other has been sold privately as a domestic property. This inspection took place on a Tuesday although one of the people who live here was away on holiday and the other was taking part in their usual activities at a day centre. However, service users have been seen at other inspections that have occurred over the last twelve months. It should be noted that to date no negative or critical opinions have been expressed about how the home is run by the people who live here, relatives or other professionals who have contact with this service. The proprietor, Mrs Wallen, was present at the time of this visit. Questionnaires had previously been sent asking for the views of those who live here and they are welcome to send these to the Commission at any time should they chose to. This inspection also involved consideration of information that has been received by the Commission in the previous twelve months, review of previous inspection information / reports and examination of documents as well as a discussion with the proprietor / manager during this visit to the home itself. What the service does well: Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 6 The home continues to be good at ensuring that the people who use this service are supported appropriately in all aspects of their day-to-day living. This includes providing the necessary support to enable them to be a part of the wider community and to have aspirations, expectations and goals. The people who work here continue to encourage and support family relationships and friendships. What has improved since the last inspection? What they could do better: Please contact the provider for advice of actions taken in response to this inspection. The report of this inspection is available from enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk or by contacting your local CSCI office. The summary of this inspection report can be made available in other formats on request. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 7 DETAILS OF INSPECTOR FINDINGS CONTENTS Choice of Home (Standards 1–5) Individual Needs and Choices (Standards 6-10) Lifestyle (Standards 11-17) Personal and Healthcare Support (Standards 18-21) Concerns, Complaints and Protection (Standards 22-23) Environment (Standards 24-30) Staffing (Standards 31-36) Conduct and Management of the Home (Standards 37 – 43) Scoring of Outcomes Statutory Requirements Identified During the Inspection Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 8 Choice of Home The intended outcomes for Standards 1 – 5 are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Prospective service users have the information they need to make an informed choice about where to live. Prospective users’ individual aspirations and needs are assessed. Prospective service users know that the home that they will choose will meet their needs and aspirations. Prospective service users have an opportunity to visit and to “test drive” the home. Each service user has an individual written contract or statement of terms and conditions with the home. The Commission consider Standard 2 the key standard to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standard 2 has been assessed as being met at previous key standards inspections. EVIDENCE: As no one new has come to live at the home for quite some time this standard could not be assessed at this visit. This standard will not be assessed again until such time as any new people come to live at the home. It should be noted that the home has previously been seen to properly consider admissions. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 9 Individual Needs and Choices The intended outcomes for Standards 6 – 10 are: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Service users know their assessed and changing needs and personal goals are reflected in their individual Plan. Service users make decisions about their lives with assistance as needed. Service users are consulted on, and participate in, all aspects of life in the home. Service users are supported to take risks as part of an independent lifestyle. Service users know that information about them is handled appropriately, and that their confidences are kept. The Commission considers Standards 6, 7 and 9 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is good This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standards 6, 7, 8 & 9 were assessed at this inspection. The people who use this service can remain confident that those who care for them do know what they need. The home has a keyworker system to further support this work. The people who live here can be assured that the people who support them will try their best to make sure that they are allowed to live the sort of life that they choose. EVIDENCE: The care plans for both of the people who live here were examined at this inspection. Each person continues to have an individual care plan that is drawn up by the manager. These plans are broad in their context but do cover the necessary areas that need to be considered. As both of those who live here have recently had reviews chaired by their5 placing authority it would be Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 10 timely to now update the care plans in light of the outcome of the reviews that has recently been received in writing by the home. A keyworker system is in operation at the home. As no other staff are currently employed apart from the proprietors family, who provide occasional support, Mrs Wallen manages keywork. A recent improvement in the service is that written records are being kept for each person about their daily life and significant events and / or activities, appointments etc. In discussion with the proprietor is was advised that daily recording could occur, but as this is such a small home they may chose to do a weekly update but a daily note where anything meaningful has happened for each person. The home has previously been required to ensure that consultation with must be in greater evidence and show that the home is taking views and preferences into account. Further improvement had previously been seen to occur, albeit slowly. As there is some reluctance on the part of particular people to attend meetings the manager has individual monthly discussions with each person to ask how they are and what, if anything, they would like to change. This continues to be an appropriate solution in these circumstances. Since the previous key standards inspection visit general risk areas have been included in risk assessments and it is evident that general common risks, as well as any risk related to individual support needs, are being considered. Last year the proprietor obtained updated policies in respect of operating a care home, and specifically in regard to a previous recommendation that an access to files policy be developed. It had been explained to the home’s proprietor that the aim of this policy should be to enable the people who use the service to have reasonable access to information that is held about them by the home. The policy also needs to give guidelines about restricting access to third parties without the express consent of the individual user of the service. The policy that is in place continues to be appropriate and provides the necessary guidance and protocols about not only access to confidential information but also protecting the privacy of the people who use live here. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 11 Lifestyle The intended outcomes for Standards 11 - 17 are: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Service users have opportunities for personal development. Service users are able to take part in age, peer and culturally appropriate activities. Service users are part of the local community. Service users engage in appropriate leisure activities. Service users have appropriate personal, family and sexual relationships. Service users’ rights are respected and responsibilities recognised in their daily lives. Service users are offered a healthy diet and enjoy their meals and mealtimes. The Commission considers Standards 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standards 12, 13, 15, 16 & 17 were assessed at this inspection. The people who use this service can remain confident that the people who care for them actively support the opportunity for each to develop and maintain personal and family relations. EVIDENCE: The people who come to live here stay for a very long time, although sometimes people might move somewhere else if they want or need to. The people who use this service are supported by the carers to be as independent as possible and to make as many choices as they meaningfully can. Each of the people who lives here go to a day centre or independently out to activities of their choice. Additionally each participates in shopping for the home if they choose to and all make use of other things in the community such as the cinema, the pub and other places of interest. One of the two people who live Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 12 here was away on holiday with a volunteer from their placing authority and the other had been taken on an overseas holiday by the proprietor late last year. The carers support each person to be a full part of the local community. The home is very close to bus stops and a train station. Each of the people living here is physically able to use public transport. Pro-active support is provided to each person to keep in contact with their families and friends when they wish. Family, friends and other visitors are made very welcome when they visit the home. There are not many rules at this home. The most important one is that no one is allowed to smoke in the house. All of the people who live here are allowed to use the entire house, except each other’s bedrooms. Each of the people who live at this home is allowed to make choices about what they want to eat and a healthy diet is available. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 13 Personal and Healthcare Support The intended outcomes for Standards 18 - 21 are: 18. 19. 20. 21. Service users receive personal support in the way they prefer and require. Service users’ physical and emotional health needs are met. Service users retain, administer and control their own medication where appropriate, and are protected by the home’s policies and procedures for dealing with medicines. The ageing, illness and death of a service user are handled with respect and as the individual would wish. The Commission considers Standards 18, 19, and 20 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is good This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standards 18, 19 & 20 were assessed at this inspection. The people who use this service can remain confident that they will get the right support to take care of their personal and healthcare needs. Anyone who needs to take medicine regularly to help them stay well will get the proper support to make sure that this happens EVIDENCE: The carers are able to show that they are very aware of what each person needs and they are sensitive about how they should meet those needs. Neither of the people who currently live here needs to use specialised technical aids or equipment to assist them to be independent. Each of the people who live at the home usually go to see a local GP if they are not feeling well. The carers are still very good at writing down anything that happens if anyone becomes unwell. If anyone has an illness or something else is wrong with them then the carers do know what this is and how to help them Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 14 to get the treatment that they need. Each of the people living here needs to take medicine every day and the carers are very good at making sure that this happens so that they can stay well. The carers are also good at making sure that no one can get hold of any medicine that they should not have and so they keep medicines locked away. Medicines are handled properly to help to keep everyone safe. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 15 Concerns, Complaints and Protection The intended outcomes for Standards 22 – 23 are: 22. 23. Service users feel their views are listened to and acted on. Service users are protected from abuse, neglect and self-harm. The Commission considers Standards 22, and 23 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is good This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standards 22 & 23 were assessed at this inspection. The people who use this service, their families and other stakeholders can continue to feel confident that the carers at the home know what to do if there are complaints or concerns about abuse. The home has clear guidance about the procedures to be followed in either of these circumstances. EVIDENCE: The people who live here, their families, placing authorities and other interested parties are given clear information about how to complain and what happens when they make a complaint. No complaints have been made to either the home or to the Commission since the previous key standards inspection visit. The carers continue to be good at making sure that the people who live here are protected from abuse (this means that they do everything that they reasonably can to prevent anyone from being hurt by someone else). There is also clear written information for carers about what to do if they think that anyone is being hurt or abused by another person. The carers know what they then have to do to keep people safe. The home has a whistle blowing policy, and also one dealing with bullying or harassment, which also refers to users of the service. There have been no reported concerns about any of the service users having been harmed. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 16 Environment The intended outcomes for Standards 24 – 30 are: 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Service users live in a homely, comfortable and safe environment. Service users’ bedrooms suit their needs and lifestyles. Service users’ bedrooms promote their independence. Service users’ toilets and bathrooms provide sufficient privacy and meet their individual needs. Shared spaces complement and supplement service users’ individual rooms. Service users have the specialist equipment they require to maximise their independence. The home is clean and hygienic. The Commission considers Standards 24, and 30 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is good. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standards 24 & 30 were assessed at this inspection. The people who use this service can continue to feel confident that they are living in a well maintained and clean home. EVIDENCE: The home has undergone further extensive refurbishment work since the key standards inspection in May 2007. This work has been designed to separate the previously joined properties that formed the earlier larger home back to a single property. An additional bedroom has been created on the ground floor although its use has yet to be approved by the Commission as the proprietor has yet to submit the application for variation to the numbers of people to be accommodated. A tour of the premises showed that it continues to provide the Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 17 necessary facilities, on a domestic scale and the house is well decorated, well furnished and well maintained. The house continues to be kept very clean and is free of any unpleasant odours. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 18 Staffing The intended outcomes for Standards 31 – 36 are: 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Service users benefit from clarity of staff roles and responsibilities. Service users are supported by competent and qualified staff. Service users are supported by an effective staff team. Service users are supported and protected by the home’s recruitment policy and practices. Service users’ individual and joint needs are met by appropriately trained staff. Service users benefit from well supported and supervised staff. The Commission considers Standards 32, 34 and 35 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is good This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standards 32, 34 & 35 were assessed at this inspection. The people who use this service can feel confident that there are sufficient and suitably knowledgeable people to care for them. EVIDENCE: Aside from the proprietor, who is also the manager, no other staff are employed at this time, other than the proprietors husband who had previously been registered as a proprietor and manager of an adjacent small home. The home has previously been informed that updated CRB checks must be obtained for all newly recruited staff prior to their commencing work at the home, even if the person (s) concerned have had previous satisfactory checks completed by their former employer. The home is reminded that if at any future time staff are employed and permitted to commence work at the home without the necessary and satisfactory pre employment checks having been obtained then the Commission is legally entitled to commence immediate Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 19 enforcement action without further consultation. It is, however, noted that the manager was able to demonstrate during conversation at this inspection that she has a much improved awareness of the importance of properly recruiting staff. The partner of the proprietor who works at the home is qualified at NVQ level 3. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 20 Conduct and Management of the Home The intended outcomes for Standards 37 – 43 are: 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Service users benefit from a well run home. Service users benefit from the ethos, leadership and management approach of the home. Service users are confident their views underpin all self-monitoring, review and development by the home. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s policies and procedures. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s record keeping policies and procedures. The health, safety and welfare of service users are promoted and protected. Service users benefit from competent and accountable management of the service. The Commission considers Standards 37, 39, and 42 the key standards to be inspected. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): Quality in this outcome area is adequate. This judgement has been made using available evidence including a visit to this service. Standards 37, 39 & 42 were assessed at this adequate. The people who use this service can feel confident that they are living in a home that has an increased awareness of the need for diligent management. A quality assurance audit does, however, still need to be fully undertaken to further support these improvements. EVIDENCE: Mrs Wallen, who is the proprietor / manager, has been undertaking the NVQ level 4 qualification over the last year and completed this in late 2007, receiving her qualification certificate in January 2008. This qualification course has undoubtedly helped to raise her awareness of the need to professionally Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 21 manage the home, which is evident by the further improvements that have been made. The Registered Provider has previously been informed that they must develop quality assurance tools, which are designed to obtain the views of service users and their families, as well as professionals who they have contact with in the day to day running of the home. The proprietor were also advised you that they might wish to consider purchasing a quality assurance system from a specialist company rather than attempt to develop their own from scratch. Although further developments have occurred a quality audit of the service must be implemented, as this has still not been achieved despite repeated requirements to do so. The necessary statutory health and safety checks have been completed in the last twelve months. It would, however, now be advisable to carry out an electrical installation check, as this has not been done since August 2003. The home is usually good at making sure that the people who live and work here are kept safe from fire and other hazards. However, a visit by a fire officer from the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority on 17th March 2008 identified three requirements for improvement to fire safety as follows: 1) To implement a fire safety risk assessment (a copy of an updated risk assessment was seen at this inspection) 2) One fire door on the ground floor required a proper self-closing mechanism to be attached to it. 3) An emergency light was needed to be fitted on both the ground and first floor of the house (although these have now been purchased and Mrs Wallen stated during this visit that an electrician will be fitting these before the end of the week). And a maintenance system for these and the fire alarm system must be established (although one is in place but may not have been seen at the time of the fire officer’s visit). A statutory notice was issued by the fire officer, which the proprietor must comply with by 30th June this year. A requirement will be made that the registered person supply a copy of the report from the fire officer after they make the follow up visit to check on the compliance regarding the notice. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 22 SCORING OF OUTCOMES This page summarises the assessment of the extent to which the National Minimum Standards for Care Homes for Adults 18-65 have been met and uses the following scale. The scale ranges from: 4 Standard Exceeded 2 Standard Almost Met (Commendable) (Minor Shortfalls) 3 Standard Met 1 Standard Not Met (No Shortfalls) (Major Shortfalls) “X” in the standard met box denotes standard not assessed on this occasion “N/A” in the standard met box denotes standard not applicable CHOICE OF HOME Standard No Score 1 x 2 3 3 X 4 X 5 X INDIVIDUAL NEEDS AND CHOICES Standard No 6 7 8 9 10 Score CONCERNS AND COMPLAINTS Standard No Score 22 3 23 3 ENVIRONMENT Standard No Score 24 3 25 X 26 X 27 X 28 X 29 X 30 3 STAFFING Standard No Score 31 X 32 3 33 X 34 3 35 3 36 x CONDUCT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE HOME Standard No 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Score 3 3 X 3 X LIFESTYLES Standard No Score 11 X 12 3 13 3 14 X 15 3 16 3 17 3 PERSONAL AND HEALTHCARE SUPPORT Standard No 18 19 20 21 Score 3 3 3 x 3 x 2 x x 2 x Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 23 Yes Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS This section sets out the actions, which must be taken so that the registered person/s meets the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The Registered Provider(s) must comply with the given timescales. No. 1. Standard YA39 Regulation 24(3) Requirement The improvements to the quality assurance system must now be completed and a quality audit of the service must be implemented. (This requirement remains out standing from the previous key standards inspections in May 2006 and May 2007) Timescale for action 23/07/08 2. YA42 23 (4) ( c ) The registered person supply a 30/07/08 copy of the report from the fire officer after they make the follow up visit to check on the compliance regarding the statutory enforcement notice arising from the LFEPA visit of 17th March 2008. RECOMMENDATIONS These recommendations relate to National Minimum Standards and are seen as good practice for the Registered Provider/s to consider carrying out. No. Refer to Good Practice Recommendations DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 24 Lucerne House (21-23) 1. Standard YA6 In light of the recent case reviews for each of the people who lives here it would now be timely to update each of their care plans that are written at the home. Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 25 Commission for Social Care Inspection West London Local Office 11th Floor, West Wing 26-28 Hammersmith Grove London W6 7SE National Enquiry Line: Telephone: 0845 015 0120 or 0191 233 3323 Textphone: 0845 015 2255 or 0191 233 3588 Email: enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk Web: www.csci.org.uk © This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI Lucerne House (21-23) DS0000025808.V361369.R01.S.doc Version 5.2 Page 26 - Please note that this information is included on www.bestcarehome.co.uk under license from the regulator. Re-publishing this information is in breach of the terms of use of that website. Discrete codes and changes have been inserted throughout the textual data shown on the site that will provide incontrovertable proof of copying in the event this information is re-published on other websites. The policy of www.bestcarehome.co.uk is to use all legal avenues to pursue such offenders, including recovery of costs. You have been warned!