CARE HOMES FOR OLDER PEOPLE
Cressingham House 19 - 25 Cressingham Road Wallasey Wirral CH45 2NS Lead Inspector
Inger Moynihan Unannounced 14 October 2005 9:30 am
th The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to: • • • • Put the people who use social care first Improve services and stamp out bad practice Be an expert voice on social care Practise what we preach in our own organisation Reader Information
Document Purpose Author Audience Further copies from Copyright Inspection Report CSCI General Public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI www.csci.org.uk Internet address This is a report of an inspection to assess whether services are meeting the needs of people who use them. The legal basis for conducting inspections is the Care Standards Act 2000 and the relevant National Minimum Standards for this establishment are those for Care Homes for Older People. They can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or obtained from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop This report is a public document. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the prior permission of the Commission for Social Care Inspection. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 3 SERVICE INFORMATION
Name of service Cressingham House Address 19 - 25 Cressingham Road Wallasey Wirral CH45 2NS 0151 639 4626 0151 639 4626 kccressingham@aol.com Wallasey Free Womens Church Council (Cressingham House) Mrs Sue Sherwen, acting manager Care Home 16 Telephone number Fax number Email address Name of registered provider(s)/company (if applicable) Name of registered manager (if applicable) Type of registration No. of places registered (if applicable) Category(ies) of Old age, not falling within any other category registration, with number (16) of places Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 4 SERVICE INFORMATION
Conditions of registration: There are no conditions attached to the registration of this service. Date of last inspection 28 October 2004 Brief Description of the Service: Cressingham House was first opened as a residential home in 1966 and registered with the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in 1986. Wallasey Free Church Women’s Council set up the home, which is a registered charity (Number 21311). A voluntary management committee represented the owners and managed the registered manager and the deputy manager. At the time of the inspection, the management committee had arranged for Keychange Charity (Number 1061344) to take over the management role of the home for twelve months. During this time, Keychange Charity was expected to make regular reports regarding the operation and activities of the home, to the Trustees. At the end of the twelve months, the Trustees were to make a decision as to whether Keychange charity would assume the management of the home, on a permanent basis. Cressingham House had been converted from four mid-terraced houses. The home was set in a small courtyard garden in a quiet residential road, close to local shops and to the New Brighton promenade. Accommodation was provided on two floors, with communal areas consisting of a large and small lounge and a spacious dining room, which was located on the ground floor. There was no separate visitors’ room, but all rooms were single and a number were arranged as bed-sitting rooms. Five bedrooms were provided on the ground floor and a further eleven on the first floor. There was one shower/bath on the ground floor and a bath with hoist and a further shower/bath on the first floor. A two-stage stair lift serviced the first floor.
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 5 SUMMARY
This is an overview of what the inspector found during the inspection. This inspection took place over 7 hours and was the statutory unannounced inspection for 2005/2006. A partial tour of the premises took place and staff and service users records were inspected. Four staff and five service users were spoken to during this inspection. What the service does well: What has improved since the last inspection?
Prospective service users now have the information they need to make an informed choice about whether they wish to move into Cressingham House on a permanent basis. Improvements have been made to the fabric of the building and now the ground floor is decorated in a way that gives a pleasant and homely environment for the service users to live. A small range of social activities are provided to ensure service users interest.
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 6 What they could do better: Please contact the provider for advice of actions taken in response to this inspection. The report of this inspection is available from enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk or by contacting your local CSCI office.
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 7 DETAILS OF INSPECTOR FINDINGS CONTENTS
Choice of Home (Standards 1–6) Health and Personal Care (Standards 7-11) Daily Life and Social Activities (Standards 12-15) Complaints and Protection (Standards 16-18) Environment (Standards 19-26) Staffing (Standards 27-30) Management and Administration (Standards 31-38) Scoring of Standards Statutory Requirements Identified During the Inspection Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 8 Choice of Home
The intended outcomes for Standards 1 – 6 are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Prospective service users have the information they need to make an informed choice about where to live. Each service user has a written contract/ statement of terms and conditions with the home. No service user moves into the home without having had his/her needs assessed and been assured that these will be met. Service users and their representatives know that the home they enter will meet their needs. Prospective service users and their relatives and friends have an opportunity to visit and assess the quality, facilities and suitability of the home. Service users assessed and referred solely for intermediate care are helped to maximise their independence and return home. The Commission considers Standards 3 and 6 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 1 and 3 Prospective service users now have the information they need to make an informed choice about whether they wish to move into Cressingham House on a permanent basis. A full assessment of service users care needs has not been completed which may result in important aspects of a service users care needs being missed. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 9 EVIDENCE: A detailed assessment of service users care needs had not been compiled. Although a documented system had been introduced for this purpose, it had not been completed. This issue was discussed in some detail with the acting manager who agreed to ensure the documentation was completed by 1/12/05. The registered person is required to ensure a full assessment of service users care needs is carried out to ensure the staff have the information they need on how to care for the service users properly. Not having this information available could result in aspects of service users care being missed and them being left vulnerable to the risk of harm. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 10 Health and Personal Care
The intended outcomes for Standards 7 – 11 are: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. The service user’s health, personal and social care needs are set out in an individual plan of care. Service users’ health care needs are fully met. Service users, where appropriate, are responsible for their own medication, and are protected by the home’s policies and procedures for dealing with medicines. Service users feel they are treated with respect and their right to privacy is upheld. Service users are assured that at the time of their death, staff will treat them and their family with care, sensitivity and respect. The Commission considers Standards 7, 8, 9 and 10 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 7, 8 and 9 A documented plan of care had not been compiled therefore it was not entirely possible to establish whether service users care needs are being met. The policies and procedures in place of the administration of service users medication require improvement as they may leave service users vulnerable to the risk of harm. EVIDENCE: A document care plan had not been compiled for each of the service users therefore staff did not have the information they need to know how to look after the service users properly. Although a documented care planning system has been introduced into the home has not been completed. This issue was discussed in some detail with the acting manager who agreed to ensure this issue was addressed by 1/2/05. The registered person is required to ensure a detailed care plan is in place for each of the service users. This care plan must provide staff with the necessary guidance and information on how to look after the service users properly. Without this information in place important aspects of service users care may be missed and this could leave service users vulnerable to the risk of harm. All
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 11 of this information must be reviewed on a regular basis and discussed with the staff team. There is documented evidence of multidisciplinary working and a record of service users welfare and routines is maintained on a regular basis. This information must be recorded more frequently in order to reflect in greater detail service users welfare. It is only by doing this can staff fully monitor service users well-being and the action they have taken to address any issues or concerns that may have risen. The service users spoken to confirmed they have access to a range of health care professionals including their GP when necessary. They said the staff team are very caring in their manner and comments included the staff are very patient and kind and the staff team are marvellous , they never rush or hurry me at any time, nothing is ever any trouble. This is a very positive aspect of the home and ensures service users are being cared for properly and in line with good practice. The medication administration record procedures were examined with the following points being raised: • • • • • • • Staff who administer medication have been provided with appropriate training in this aspect of care. handwritten entries on the medication administration record sheets had not been signed by two members of staff service users medication was not stored appropriately the medication administration policy was very basic the acting manager was not aware of the changes made to a service users medication; this service user was self medicating. eye drops were held in stock after they had been opened and well after the expiry date (May 2005) a record was not being kept of the reason why a service user had refused their medication. To ensure service users safety and welfare the registered person is required to address the issues raised. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 12 Daily Life and Social Activities
The intended outcomes for Standards 12 - 15 are: 12. 13. 14. 15. Service users find the lifestyle experienced in the home matches their expectations and preferences, and satisfies their social, cultural, religious and recreational interests and needs. Service users maintain contact with family/ friends/ representatives and the local community as they wish. Service users are helped to exercise choice and control over their lives. Service users receive a wholesome appealing balanced diet in pleasing surroundings at times convenient to them. The Commission considers all of the above key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 12 and 15 A full range of activities are not yet provided which could lead to service users becoming bored and inactive. A varied and balanced diet is provided to ensure service users good health and interest. EVIDENCE: Although a full range of activities are not provided, work is being undertaken to develop this aspect of the service provision. Staff carry out some activities within the home such as gentle exercises, quiz and bingo, as confirmed by one of the service users. Service users have also been taken out for a drive around the Wirral recently and arrangements are being made for more day trips to take place. A Chaplin visits the home on a regular basis to offer service users communion and support when required. The staff spoken to confirmed service users are offered a variety of meals although the menus indicated that sandwiches were predominantly provided in the evening. To ensure service users interest and good health, the registered person is required to review the menus and ensure they reflect service users likes and dislikes and maintain their interest. All of the service users spoken to
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 13 during the inspection said they enjoyed the food and confirmed a choice was always available. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 14 Complaints and Protection
The intended outcomes for Standards 16 - 18 are: 16. 17. 18. Service users and their relatives and friends are confident that their complaints will be listened to, taken seriously and acted upon. Service users’ legal rights are protected. Service users are protected from abuse. The Commission considers Standards 16 and 18 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 16 and 18 Not all staff had been provided with training on the protection of vulnerable adults from abuse which could leave service users vulnerable to the risk of harm. Improvements need to be made to the complaints procedure to ensure service users views are listened to and acted upon correctly. EVIDENCE: At the last inspection the inspector was informed the complaints procedure was to be revised to include the various stages of the complaint investigation. This issue has not yet been addressed. The registered person is required to address this issue to ensure service users, carers and other stakeholders know their views will be listened to and acted upon correctly. Staff spoken to demonstrated an understanding of the issues relating to the protection of vulnerable adults from abuse although no training in this aspect of care has been provided. To ensure staff are aware of the subtle nature of abuse and the different forms abuse can take, the registered person is required to ensure all staff are provided with training in this area. A shorter and more accessible version of the Wirral adult protection procedure has been made available by Wirral Borough Council and was at the home for staff reference. Last year the organisation Action on Elder Abuse set up a telephone line were by service users and staff could report incidents of abuse anonymously. It is recommended that for service users further protection, this telephone number
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 15 is made available to both staff and service users so they can raise any concerns. The registered person can find this telephone number on the Action on Elder abuse website. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 16 Environment
The intended outcomes for Standards 19 – 26 are: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Service users live in a safe, well-maintained environment. Service users have access to safe and comfortable indoor and outdoor communal facilities. Service users have sufficient and suitable lavatories and washing facilities. Service users have the specialist equipment they require to maximise their independence. Service users’ own rooms suit their needs. Service users live in safe, comfortable bedrooms with their own possessions around them. Service users live in safe, comfortable surroundings. The home is clean, pleasant and hygienic. The Commission considers Standards 19 and 26 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 19 and 26 The standard of the decor is mixed with some parts of the home being maintained to a good standard and other parts being in need of further decoration and refurbishment . The home does not therefore present as a homely and comfortable environment throughout. EVIDENCE: Since the last inspection significant improvements have been made to the ground floor accommodation and a comfortable and homely environment is now provided for the service users to live. However the bathrooms and toilets and first floor accommodation remains in need of redecoration and refurbishment as these areas did not meet the National Minimum Standards. • • • • • Light shades had not always been provided in bathrooms and toilets tile grouting is blacked the paint on the water pipes was flaking and had become blackened strip lights were used in the top floor corridor which are deemed more suitable to kitchen and laundry areas the general paintwork was discoloured and scratched.
F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 17 Cressingham House All of these points contributed to providing an unwelcoming and somewhat institutional environment. Through discussion with the acting manager it is clear the registered provider, through Keychange Charity, has made a commitment to ensuring the standards of the facilities are improved. Arrangements have been made for the first-floor landing to be redecorated a week after the inspection and plans are being made for the bedrooms to be redecorated in the near future. Some building work has already been carried out to provide en suite facilities in a number of vacant bedrooms, although this work has currently been put on hold. In light of this, the registered person is required to write to the CSCI and inform the inspector of the plans that are being made with regard to the provision of new en suite facilities and the upgrade of communal areas and bathrooms and toilets. In order to assist the registered provider on any further developments and to ensure the National Minimum Standards and Care Homes Regulations are being met, she is required to write to the CSCI and update the inspector on the future plans for the home before any changes are actually made. All parts of the home are clean and tidy and comfortably warm. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 18 Staffing
The intended outcomes for Standards 27 – 30 are: 27. 28. 29. 30. Service users needs are met by the numbers and skill mix of staff. Service users are in safe hands at all times. Service users are supported and protected by the home’s recruitment policy and practices. Staff are trained and competent to do their jobs. The Commission considers Standards 27, 29, and 30 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 27, 29 and 30 Service users are supported and protected by the number of staff available and the training they have received. However specialist training has not been provided in relation to the conditions of old age and service users particular care needs. EVIDENCE: The staff rota submitted by the acting manager demonstrate staff were evenly deployed throughout the week and in numbers above the registering authoritys minimum requirement. A selection of staff files were examined. All of the necessary information had been compiled although the acting manager did agree this information needed to be streamlined. The home s recruitment procedures are robust to ensure suitably qualified and competent staff are employed at the home. All staff have completed a criminal records bureau check, although one member of staff had transferred their documentation from a previous employer. In light of the fact that a criminal record bureau check is non transferable the acting manager agreed to address the issue straightaway. The staff spoken to during inspection demonstrated a positive attitude towards their work and said they enjoyed working with the service users. The staff group is stable which is a positive aspect of the home and ensures consistency in the care provided to service users. Staff have undertaken a range of appropriate training and arrangements have been made for staff to complete training in relation to first aid and health and safety in the near future. While staff have been provided with fire safety
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 19 training it is not in line with the requirements of the Fire Department which is every six months for day staff and three months of night staff. Staff have not been provided with any specialist training in relation to the conditions of oldage. To ensure staff are suitably qualified and competent to care for the service users, a range of specialist training, that reflects service users care needs must be provided. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 20 Management and Administration
The intended outcomes for Standards 31 – 38 are: 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Service users live in a home which is run and managed by a person who is fit to be in charge, of good character and able to discharge his or her responsibilities fully. Service users benefit from the ethos, leadership and management approach of the home. The home is run in the best interests of service users. Service users are safeguarded by the accounting and financial procedures of the home. Service users’ financial interests are safeguarded. Staff are appropriately supervised. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s record keeping, policies and procedures. The health, safety and welfare of service users and staff are promoted and protected. The Commission considers Standards 33, 35 and 38 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 31, 33 and 38 There are clear lines of management and accountability within the home which is run for service users best interest. Improvements need to be made to the way health and safety is promoted throughout the building to ensure service users are protected from the risk of harm. EVIDENCE: Mrs Susan Sherwen is currently acting as manager of Cressingham House. While it is clear that Mrs Sherwen is working very hard to ensure the home is run for service users best interest, some changes do need to be made to the overall management of the home as without any form of change, the home will continue to be at risk of not adhering to the Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards for Older People. The way the home was being managed was discussed in some detail with the acting manager and advice and information was given with regard to how changes could be implemented.
Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 21 Last year the registered person made arrangements for a charity, Keychange Charity, to take over the management of the home. While Keychange Charity are not yet registered with the CSCI, they have taken on an advisory role with regard to the management and development of the home. Since they have come into place improvements have been made to the documentation and overall fabric of the building. Discussions with a representative of this charity demonstrated there is a clear commitment to ensuring the standards at Cressingham House are improved. Systems are in place to ensure service users health and safety although some improvements do need to be made • • • The temperature of the water in one of the bedrooms was above recommended safe limits, although this was not tested with a thermometer. The bath hoist had not been serviced The amount of information recorded in relation to any accidents that had occurred varied so it was not entirely possible to establish what action had been taken following the accident. The acting manager stated she always carries out a risk assessment after any accident that occurs to ensure the prevention of further accidents. This is in line with good practice. Not all the documentation relating to these risk assessments was available for inspection. Risk assessment had not been completed in relation to the fitting of window restrictors. The advice given by the Department of Environmental Health is that all windows above ground floor level must be fitted with a window restrictor. • For the welfare of both staff and service users, the registered person is required to address the issues raised and is advised to keep up-to-date with all of the information provided on the Health and Safety Executive and the Medical Devices Agency Websites. The registered person has delegated her responsibility to visit the home in order to carry out a quality audit to a member of the Keychange Charity. These visits are carried out monthly with a report being submitted to the CSCI. This quality assurance system ensures service users are being cared for in accordance with good practice. All of the service users spoken to during inspection said they were satisfied with the standard of care they received and spoke highly of the staff team. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 22 SCORING OF OUTCOMES
This page summarises the assessment of the extent to which the National Minimum Standards for Care Homes for Older People have been met and uses the following scale. The scale ranges from:
4 Standard Exceeded 2 Standard Almost Met (Commendable) (Minor Shortfalls) 3 Standard Met 1 Standard Not Met (No Shortfalls) (Major Shortfalls) “X” in the standard met box denotes standard not assessed on this occasion “N/A” in the standard met box denotes standard not applicable
CHOICE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT Standard No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Score Standard No 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Score 3 x 1 x x x HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE Standard No Score 7 1 8 2 9 1 10 x 11 x DAILY LIFE AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES Standard No Score 12 2 13 x 14 x 15 2
COMPLAINTS AND PROTECTION 2 x x x x x x 3 STAFFING Standard No Score 27 3 28 2 29 3 30 2 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Standard No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Score Standard No 16 17 18 Score 2 x 2 2 x 3 x x x x 1 Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 23 No Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS This section sets out the actions which must be taken so that the registered person/s meets the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The Registered Provider(s) must comply with the given timescales. No. 1. Standard 3 Regulation 14 Requirement The registered person is required to ensure a full assessment of service users care needs is carried out. The registered person is required to ensure a documented care plan is in place for each of the service users. This care plan must be kept under review at all times. The registered person is required to ensure any handwritten entries on the medication administration record sheets are signed by two members of staff. The registered person is required to ensure suitable arrangements for the storage of service users medication. The registered person is required to ensure the medication administration policy is up-todate and in line with current good practice. The registered person is required to ensure staff are fully aware of any changes to service users medication. The registered person is required to ensure medication is disposed of after the expiry date.
F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Timescale for action 1/12/05 2. 7 15 1/12/05 3. 9 17 14/10/05 4. 9 17 18/11/05 5. 9 17 18/11/05 6. 9 17 14/10/05 7. 9 17 14/10/05 Cressingham House Version 1.30 Page 24 8. 9 17 9. 12 16 10. 11. 15 18 16 13 12. 16 22 13. 19 23 14. 30 18 15. 31 12 16. 38 13 The registered person is required to ensure a record is kept of the reason why service users have refused their medication. The registered person is required to ensure a programme of leisure activities is available to the service users. The registered person is required to ensure a varied diet is provided. The registered person is required to ensure all staff are provided with training on the protection of vulnerable adults from abuse. The registered person is required to ensure a detailed complaints procedure is available to service users. The registered person is required to ensure the premises are kept in a good state of repair. In this instance the registered person is required to write to the CSCI and inform the inspector of the action being taken to address the issues raised in this report. The registered person is required to ensure staff are provided with training that reflects service users particular care requirements and conditions of old age. In this instance the registered person is required to submit a plan to the CSCI updating the inspector of how she intends to address this issue The registered person is required to review the management systems in place to ensure the home meets the Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards for Older People. The registered person is required to ensure the water temperature in service users bedroom is is within recommended safe limits.
F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc 25/11/05 25/11/05 25/11/05 18/11/05 18/11/05 18/11/05 18/11/05 18/11/05 Cressingham House Version 1.30 Page 25 17. 18. 38 38 13 13 19. 38 13 The registered person is required to ensure the bath hoist is serviced on a regular basis. The registered person is required to ensure a detailed record is maintained of all accidents that occur in the home. This documentation must include details of the action staff have taken following the accident. The registered person is required to ensure a window restrictor is fitted to all windows above ground floor level 14/12/05 18/11/05 14/3/06 20. 38 RECOMMENDATIONS These recommendations relate to National Minimum Standards and are seen as good practice for the Registered Provider/s to consider carrying out. No. 1. 2. Refer to Standard 18 38 Good Practice Recommendations It is recommended that the registered person provide the telephone number of the Action on Elder Abuse telephone line where abuse can be reported anonymously It is recommended that the registered person keep up-todate with all of the information provided on the Health and Safety Executive and Medical Devices Agency Websites. Cressingham House F52 F02 S18880 Cressingham Hse V254268 141005 Stage 4.doc Version 1.30 Page 26 Commission for Social Care Inspection Liverpool Area Office 3rd Floor 10 Duke Street Liverpool, L1 5AS National Enquiry Line: 0845 015 0120 Email: enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk Web: www.csci.org.uk
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