Inspection on 06/09/05 for Rosecroft

This inspection was carried out on 6th September 2005.

CSCI has not published a star rating for this report, though using similar criteria we estimate that the report is Adequate. The way we rate inspection reports is consistent for all houses, though please be aware that this may be different from an official CSCI judgement.

The inspector made no statutory requirements on the home as a result of this inspection and there were no outstanding actions from the previous inspection report.

Other inspections for this house

Rosecroft 12/08/08

Rosecroft 01/08/07

Rosecroft 27/11/06

Rosecroft 25/04/06

Rosecroft 20/05/05

Rosecroft 25/11/04

Rosecroft 01/07/04

Similar services:

Springfield House

The Shelley

Thorndene

Sutton Lodge Nursing Home

St Helier`s Residential Hotel

St Joseph`s

Ridgemount

Wingham Court

Extracts from inspection reports are licensed from CQC, this page was updated on 09/07/2008.

CARE HOMES FOR OLDER PEOPLE Rosecroft 8 Cross Road Southwick West Sussex BN42 4HE Lead Inspector Mrs D Peel Announced Tuesday, 6 September 2005, 10.00am, V241335 The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to: • • • • Put the people who use social care first Improve services and stamp out bad practice Be an expert voice on social care Practise what we preach in our own organisation Reader Information Document Purpose Author Audience Further copies from Copyright Inspection Report CSCI General Public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI www.csci.org.uk Internet address This is a report of an inspection to assess whether services are meeting the needs of people who use them. The legal basis for conducting inspections is the Care Standards Act 2000 and the relevant National Minimum Standards for this establishment are those for Care Homes for Older People. They can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or obtained from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop This report is a public document. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the prior permission of the Commission for Social Care Inspection. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 3 SERVICE INFORMATION Name of service Rosecroft Address 8 Cross Road, Southwick, West Sussex, BN42 4HE Telephone number Fax number Email address Name of registered provider(s)/company (if applicable) Name of registered manager (if applicable) Type of registration No. of places registered (if applicable) 01273 597326 Mr D R Clark Mr D R Clark Care Home 19 Category(ies) of Old age, not falling within any other category registration, with number (OP) - 19 Both, Physical disability (PD) - 1 Both of places Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 4 SERVICE INFORMATION Conditions of registration: Total of 19 persons at any one time, one of whom is in the category of Physical Disability, aged 60-65 years. Date of last inspection 20/05/05 Brief Description of the Service: Rosecroft is a care home able to provide personal care and support for up to nineteen older people. The home can also accomadate one resident who may have a physical disability between the ages of sixty and sixty five. The home is located in Southwick, opposite the village green. Local shops and other community facilities are within walking distance.Communal areas include: a lounge/dining room and a conservatory/lounge.Private accomadation consists of seventeen single bedrooms and one double bedroom. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 5 SUMMARY This is an overview of what the inspector found during the inspection. This announced inspection took place over 5 hours on the 6th September 2005 and was carried out by two regulatory inspectors. A pharmacist inspector joined the regulatory inspectors in the afternoon. One additional unannounced visit was made on the 6th July 2005 to monitor compliance with Statutory Requirements included in the last inspection report dated 20th May 2005. Immediate requirement notices were left at the monitoring visit on the 6th July 2005, as requirements had not been fully met. A letter sent to the registered person following this visit can be obtained from the Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) office on request. Two Statutory Requirement from these previous visits remains in the Requirements made at this visit along with a further eleven requirements made. The inspectors arrived at the home at 10am and found that residents living at Rosecroft and the staff working in the home were not expecting them as they thought the visit was planned for the following day. There were 11 residents living at the home being cared for by two staff. The manager arrived at the home shortly after the inspector’s arrival and the deputy manger arrived later. A full tour of the home took place and nine out of the eleven of residents were spoken with although the inspectors meet all residents. The care records of four residents were inspected during the visit along with other records, which showed how care needs were to be met. The records of nine staff were also inspected and staff were spoken with informally during the visit. The inspectors met with two visitors, visiting the home to gain feedback about the service provided. What the service does well: Care plans are well documented providing staff with the information, which they need to meet the needs of the residents. There is a low turnover of staff, which provides residents with consistency, and a-team of carers that have built good relationships with residents. The home provides a flexible lifestyle for residents; some who have high dependency needs. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 6 What has improved since the last inspection? What they could do better: Please contact the provider for advice of actions taken in response to this inspection. The report of this inspection is available from enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk or by contacting your local CSCI office. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 7 DETAILS OF INSPECTOR FINDINGS CONTENTS Choice of Home (Standards 1–6) Health and Personal Care (Standards 7-11) Daily Life and Social Activities (Standards 12-15) Complaints and Protection (Standards 16-18) Environment (Standards 19-26) Staffing (Standards 27-30) Management and Administration (Standards 31-38) Scoring of Standards Statutory Requirements Identified During the Inspection Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 8 Choice of Home The intended outcomes for Standards 1 – 6 are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Prospective service users have the information they need to make an informed choice about where to live. Each service user has a written contract/ statement of terms and conditions with the home. No service user moves into the home without having had his/her needs assessed and been assured that these will be met. Service users and their representatives know that the home they enter will meet their needs. Prospective service users and their relatives and friends have an opportunity to visit and assess the quality, facilities and suitability of the home. Service users assessed and referred solely for intermediate care are helped to maximise their independence and return home. The Commission considers Standards 3 and 6 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 1,2,3,4 5 and 6 A Service User Guide provides information about the home and the service, which it offers to enable prospective residents to make an informed choice about moving into the home. Residents are assessed to make sure that the home can provide a care plan, which residents or their families feel, will meet their needs. EVIDENCE: A Statement of Purpose and Service User Guide provides information about the service, which the home offers and sets out the criteria for admission to the home. No residents have moved into the home since the last visit. Care Records examined showed that assessments are carried out and used to develop a plan of care for each resident. Staff training does not provide staff with all the skills they require to provide a service for the complex needs of a few residents. One resident spoken with who had moved into the home during the last year confirmed that a relative had visited the home on their behalf. The resident had moved to the home on a trial basis to see if they wanted to move in permanently and had then decided to stay. Intermediate care is not provided by the home although the home does offer Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 9 periods of respite care. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 10 Health and Personal Care The intended outcomes for Standards 7 – 11 are: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. The service user’s health, personal and social care needs are set out in an individual plan of care. Service users’ health care needs are fully met. Service users, where appropriate, are responsible for their own medication, and are protected by the home’s policies and procedures for dealing with medicines. Service users feel they are treated with respect and their right to privacy is upheld. Service users are assured that at the time of their death, staff will treat them and their family with care, sensitivity and respect. The Commission considers Standards 7, 8, 9 and 10 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 7,8 and 9 Care planning systems give information about how personal, social and health care needs should be met. Residents who have health care needs have access to other professionals to meet these identified health care needs. Incomplete medication policy and procedures and lack of training have led to potentially unsafe practices. EVIDENCE: At this visit the care plans of four residents were examined. The plans viewed were well documented and addressed all aspects of identified needs whilst allowing those residents who are independent to retain some level of independence for as long as they wish. Plans have been regularly reviewed and daily entries are made into a diary, which are then transferred into each individuals care records. Records showed that the physical heath of residents are being monitored. Visits by Doctors and other heath care professionals are recorded and outcomes to visits noted. One resident spoken with who had recently had a fall which resulted in them visiting the accident and emergency department said that a member of staff had accompanied them to the hospital in the ambulance. The same resident confirmed that District Nurses are visiting to dress the injuries. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 11 Another resident spoken with told the inspectors that they were attending an out patient appointment the next day. On resident poorly in bed is being visited by the District Nurse. Monitoring charts for this resident were seen to be completed regularly by the staff at the home. Staff confirmed that they now record any incident or injury to residents in the accident book. Medication policy and procedures did not cover all aspects of medicine handling. Lockable storage for medicines was tidy. Security issues were discussed, including the transporting of medicines around the home. Records of receipt and disposal of medicines were kept. Administration was recorded on medication administration record charts, printed in the pharmacy. These charts are left in the office, whilst medicines are given and signed when the carer returns to the office. The home has an agreement with a pharmacy for pharmaceutical advice. A presentation on analgesics had been given in November 2004. Staff were still waiting to begin a safe handling of medicines course, with a local college. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 12 Daily Life and Social Activities The intended outcomes for Standards 12 - 15 are: 12. 13. 14. 15. Service users find the lifestyle experienced in the home matches their expectations and preferences, and satisfies their social, cultural, religious and recreational interests and needs. Service users maintain contact with family/ friends/ representatives and the local community as they wish. Service users are helped to exercise choice and control over their lives. Service users receive a wholesome appealing balanced diet in pleasing surroundings at times convenient to them. The Commission considers all of the above key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 13,14and 15 Residents that are able are encouraged to maintain contact with their family and friends so that they can satisfy their social and emotional needs. Meals are nicely presented but menus do not show a choice of alternatives at mealtimes to encourage residents to make choices. EVIDENCE: The majority of residents have visitors and they confirmed that they were able to see their visitors whenever they wished. Two visitors spoken with during the visit commented that they could visit at any time and that the staff were friendly. A resident talked about their forthcoming holiday with relatives. This resident was later assisted to visit the local hairdressers by a member of staff in preparation for the holiday. All but two of those residents spoken with commented that the standard of food is reasonable. The home has a four weekly rotating menu providing a variety of meals. Two residents commented that there is a choice at the main meal of the day but another resident commented, “you are not told what is for dinner it is just brought to you”. Another resident commented that the staff come in and ask them if they like what is being cooked and then if they don’t they can have something different. Fresh meat is delivered to the home every other day and the butcher was seen to visit on the day of the inspection. On the day of this visit the main meal of the day was shepherds pie, carrots Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 13 and cabbage followed by bread and butter pudding and custard. It was presented nicely and residents chose to either eat in the dining room or in their bedrooms. Food and food supplements eaten each day is recorded by the staff at the home. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 14 Complaints and Protection The intended outcomes for Standards 16 - 18 are: 16. 17. 18. Service users and their relatives and friends are confident that their complaints will be listened to, taken seriously and acted upon. Service users’ legal rights are protected. Service users are protected from abuse. The Commission considers Standards 16 and 18 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 16 and 18 There is a complaints procedure, which assures those using the service, that their complaint will be responded to within a maximum of 28 days. Not all staff have attended adult protection training to ensure that they are fully aware of their responsibility to recognise and report abuse. EVIDENCE: The complaints procedure is available in the service user guide. There has been two complaints made to the CSCI in the last twelve months and the provider was asked to investigate the complaints. The provider responded to the CSCI within the agreed timescales. No other complaints were recorded in the complaints book. The manager is awaiting the outcome of an outstanding Adult Protection matter alleging poor care practice and lack of access to health care professionals. This investigation is being carried out through the West Sussex Multi Agency adult protection procedures. Staff training record seen in staff personnel records showed that only one person had attended formal adult protection training. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 15 Environment The intended outcomes for Standards 19 – 26 are: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Service users live in a safe, well-maintained environment. Service users have access to safe and comfortable indoor and outdoor communal facilities. Service users have sufficient and suitable lavatories and washing facilities. Service users have the specialist equipment they require to maximise their independence. Service users’ own rooms suit their needs. Service users live in safe, comfortable bedrooms with their own possessions around them. Service users live in safe, comfortable surroundings. The home is clean, pleasant and hygienic. The Commission considers Standards 19 and 26 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 19,21,23,24,25,26 The location of the home provides easy access to local community facilities. Improvements to the décor of seven bedrooms and the rear corridor and entrance have been made. Each resident has a bedroom, which allows him or her to have their own furniture and possessions around them. The overall general appearance of the home to visitors is that it is basic; it is in need of redecoration, the home has unpleasant odours and that bedrooms seem cleaner than they used to be There remain some areas of the home, which have an unpleasant odour, which should be attended to, to assure a more pleasant environment. EVIDENCE: Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 16 The property is situated in a convenient area of Southwick, which is easily accessible to friends and relatives. Some residents are able to use the local facilities nearby which include shops, pubs and a hairdressers. Since the last unannounced inspection four bedrooms have been redecorated. One resident commented that they had moved to another room whilst their room had been repainted. A resident who had moved into the home since the last announced inspection commented that there had been a new carpet fitted for them to move into the room and that they had tried another room before this one but liked this room much better. Two communal bathrooms were being kept locked at the time of the visit. The manager said that this was to avoid inappropriate use by a particular resident but this also means that residents using the lounge have to ask for entry to the toilet or return to their rooms to use the facility. During the visit there were two bedrooms identified as having strong unpleasant odours. One bedroom was additional to ones identified on previous visits. These odours can be identified from other areas of the house. The manager said that carpet in one room had been cleaned the previous day. This carpet must now be removed and a suitable alternative floor covering provided. Other carpets brought to the attention of the manager must be cleaned or ideally replaced. Residents confirmed that their rooms are cleaned regularly but it was noted that some en suite toilets bowls were in need of a thorough clean or replacement. During the visit the inspectors observed some poor infection control practices. A soiled towel and flannel had been left on the floor of the laundry room and the inspectors were concerned that the washing machines do not have a sluicing cycle. A member of staff who had been cleaning in toilets and bedrooms earlier in the day was observed to be helping in the kitchen at lunchtime wearing the same overall. The cook was also observed to not wear an apron in the kitchen. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 17 Staffing The intended outcomes for Standards 27 – 30 are: 27. 28. 29. 30. Service users needs are met by the numbers and skill mix of staff. Service users are in safe hands at all times. Service users are supported and protected by the home’s recruitment policy and practices. Staff are trained and competent to do their jobs. The Commission considers Standards 27, 29, and 30 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 27,28 The number of staff is currently set at a level, which should meet the needs, the reduced number of residents. Procedures for the recruitment of staff are not robust and do not fully safeguard and protect residents at the home The staff training programme does not provide staff with all the skills which they need to meet the needs of this group of residents. EVIDENCE: The home is not fully occupied and therefore a requirement made at the last inspection to increase staffing levels in the afternoons and during the mornings at weekends has not been fully implemented. There were no negative comments made by residents about staffing levels. It was noted that some staff have job descriptions, which are for duel roles at the home. The provider must ensure that at no time does this compromise the time spent with residents in their roles of carers. The staff files of nine members of staff were fully inspected during the visit and other records were viewed to make sure that Criminal Record Bureau (CRB) and Protection of Vulnerable Adult (POVA) clearance is sought for all staff. Records showed that one member of staff did not have the results of checks on file. The CRB for this one person had been sought by the person’s previous employer. There were no written references on file for this person. The manager was reminded that there is a statutory requirement on care providers to check if workers, which they want to appoint, are included on the POVA list and that this can only be done by a new CRB application. This process should be concluded prior to staff starting work at the home to protect residents. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 18 Another member of staff had CRB and POVA checks on file but there were no references for this person. The majority of staff have attended training courses recently but there are some training needs, which have been identified at this inspection and previous inspections, which are not being met. These include: dealing with challenging behaviour, safe use of medicines, understanding dementia and adult protection training. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 19 Management and Administration The intended outcomes for Standards 31 – 38 are: 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Service users live in a home which is run and managed by a person who is fit to be in charge, of good character and able to discharge his or her responsibilities fully. Service users benefit from the ethos, leadership and management approach of the home. The home is run in the best interests of service users. Service users are safeguarded by the accounting and financial procedures of the home. Service users’ financial interests are safeguarded. Staff are appropriately supervised. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s record keeping, policies and procedures. The health, safety and welfare of service users and staff are promoted and protected. The Commission considers Standards 33, 35 and 38 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for standard(s) 33,35,37 and38 Some practices do not promote and safeguard the health and safety of residents living at the home. Recording systems do not always assure confidentiality of personal records. EVIDENCE: There is no evidence of a formal quality assurance system being used at Rosecroft. The poster informing residents and visitors about the inspection was not on display in the home. There were no service users or relative/visitors coment cards returned to the inspector during or prior to the visit and the registered person did not return the Pre Inspection Questionnaire to the Inspector as part of the inspection process. Care plans are currently stored on an open shelf in the kitchen for easy access to staff, but this practice does not assure confidentiality. A recommendation has been made that care plans are kept in a locked cupboard. Many of the radiators at Rosecroft are now covered. These radiators must be covered by the time that the central heating is switched on for the winter, or Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 20 evidence must be provided that risk assessments have been carried out. Two steps were identified as trip hazards at this inspection. The manager has agreed to identify the hazard with hazard stips. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 21 SCORING OF OUTCOMES This page summarises the assessment of the extent to which the National Minimum Standards for Care Homes for Older People have been met and uses the following scale. The scale ranges from: 4 Standard Exceeded 2 Standard Almost Met (Commendable) (Minor Shortfalls) 3 Standard Met 1 Standard Not Met (No Shortfalls) (Major Shortfalls) “X” in the standard met box denotes standard not assessed on this occasion “N/A” in the standard met box denotes standard not applicable CHOICE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT Standard No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Score Standard No 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Score 3 3 3 1 3 N/A HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE Standard No Score 7 3 8 3 9 1 10 x 11 x DAILY LIFE AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES Standard No Score 12 x 13 3 14 3 15 2 COMPLAINTS AND PROTECTION 2 x 1 x 2 2 1 1 STAFFING Standard No Score 27 3 28 x 29 1 30 1 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Standard No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Score Standard No 16 17 18 Score 3 x 1 x x 1 x 3 x 1 1 Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 22 No Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS This section sets out the actions which must be taken so that the registered person/s meets the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The Registered Provider(s) must comply with the given timescales. No. 1. Standard 9 Regulation 13.2 Timescale for action Clear and comprehensive policies 1/11/05 and procedures for the receipt, recording, storage, safe handling, administration, selfadministration and disposal of medicines, specific to the home, must be produced. All staff must have adult 1/11/05 protection training.(training schedule to be provided by timescale date) The environment must be 1/11/05 improved to make sure that residents live in a safe and well maintained home.(a schedule of improvements must be provided by the timescale date) All communal bathrooms and 1/11/05 toilets must be accessible to residents at all times. Radiators must be guarded or 1/11/05 evidence of documented risk assessment must be provided to minimise risks. Action must be taken to 1/11/05 erradicate and avoid offensive odours in the home and ensure satisfactory standards of hygiene. A CRB and POVA check must be 1/11/05 requested for new staff Version 1.40 Page 23 Requirement 2. 18 13.6 3. 19 23.2 4. 5. 21 25,38 23.j 13.4(a)(c) 6. 26,38 16.k 7. Rosecroft 29 19 H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc 8. 29 19 9. 30,4 18.1(a)(c) 10. 11. 12. 33 37 38 24.1 17.1(b) 13.3 13. 38,26 23.2(k) employed to work at the home before they start work. Two references must be obtained for new staff employed to work at the home before they start work. Staff training must be developed to provide staff with the skills to meet the needs of the residents.(safe handling of medicines, adult protection awareness, dealing with challanging behaviour, dementia care,infection control in addition to mandatory training.) A formal quality assurance must be established. Care plans must stored securely when not in use. Staff carrying out cleaning tasks must be reminded that they must change protective clothing before entering the areas were food is prepared. A washing machine must be provided which has a sluicing facility. 1/11/05 1/12/05 1/11/05 1/11/05 1/11/05 1/11/05 RECOMMENDATIONS These recommendations relate to National Minimum Standards and are seen as good practice for the Registered Provider/s to consider carrying out. No. 1. Refer to Standard 9.4 Good Practice Recommendations Medicines should be stored and transported around the home in a secure manner. Care should be taken that medicines can be quickly and securely locked away in the event of an emergency.The carer administering the medicine should sign the administration record, immediately after the medicine has been given. The menus should show altenatives availiable so that residents know that they can make a choice. Staff should be reminded to wear aprons when handling food. Hard warning strips should be put in place to identify the H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 24 2. 3. 4. Rosecroft 15 38 38 step in the hall way and the kitchen. Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 25 Commission for Social Care Inspection Ridgeworth House Liverpool Gardens Worthing, West Sussex BN11 1RY National Enquiry Line: 0845 015 0120 Email: enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk Web: www.csci.org.uk © This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI Rosecroft H60-H11 S14687 Rosecroft V241335 060905 Stage 4.doc Version 1.40 Page 26 - Please note that this information is included on www.bestcarehome.co.uk under license from the regulator. Re-publishing this information is in breach of the terms of use of that website. Discrete codes and changes have been inserted throughout the textual data shown on the site that will provide incontrovertable proof of copying in the event this information is re-published on other websites. The policy of www.bestcarehome.co.uk is to use all legal avenues to pursue such offenders, including recovery of costs. You have been warned!