Care Home: West View (46)

Similar services:

• Clover House
• Parkside
• Park Lodge
• Mere Hall View
• St Bonaventures
• Hudson Road
• Whitewalls
• Home Farm

Inspecting for better lives Key inspection report Care homes for adults (18-65 years) Name: Address: West View (46) 46 West View Clitheroe Lancashire BB7 1DG The quality rating for this care home is: three star excellent service A quality rating is our assessment of how well a care home, agency or scheme is meeting the needs of the people who use it. We give a quality rating following a full assessment of the service. We call this a ‘key’ inspection. Lead inspector: Jane Craig Date: 1 5 1 0 2 0 0 8 This is a report of an inspection where we looked at how well this care home is meeting the needs of people who use it. There is a summary of what we think this service does well, what they have improved on and, where it applies, what they need to do better. We use the national minimum standards to describe the outcomes that people should experience. National minimum standards are written by the Department of Health for each type of care service. After the summary there is more detail about our findings. The following table explains what you will see under each outcome area Outcome area (for example: Choice of home) These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: This box tells you the outcomes that we will always inspect against when we do a key inspection. This box tells you any additional outcomes that we may inspect against when we do a key inspection. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: This box tells you our opinion of what we have looked at in this outcome area. We will say whether it is excellent, good, adequate or poor. Evidence: This box describes the information we used to come to our judgement Copies of the National Minimum Standards – Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or bought from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering from the Stationery Office is also available: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to:  Put the people who use social care first  Improve services and stamp out bad practice  Be an expert voice on social care  Practise what we preach in our own organisation Our duty to regulate social care services is set out in the Care Standards Act 2000. Reader Information Document Purpose Author Inspection report CSCI Page 2 of 31 Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Audience Further copies from Copyright General public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) Copyright © (2008) Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, free of charge, in any format or medium provided that it is not used for commercial gain. This consent is subject to the material being reproduced accurately and on proviso that it is not used in a derogatory manner or misleading context. The material should be acknowledged as CSCI copyright, with the title and date of publication of the document specified. www.csci.org.uk Internet address Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 3 of 31 Information about the care home Name of care home: Address: West View (46) 46 West View Clitheroe Lancashire BB7 1DG 01200429376 Telephone number: Fax number: Email address: Provider web address: Name of registered provider(s): Mrs Joanne Brown Name of registered manager (if applicable) Type of registration: Number of places registered: Conditions of registration: Category(ies) : care home 3 Number of places (if applicable): Under 65 Over 65 3 0 learning disability Additional conditions: The registered person may provide the following category of service only: Care Home only - Code PC To Service Users of the following gender: Either Whose primary care needs on admission to the home are within the following categories: Learning Disability - Code LD The maximum number of Service Users who can be accommodated is: 3 Date of last inspection Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 4 of 31 A bit about the care home West View provides care for up to three adults with a learning disability. The home is privately owned by Mrs Joanne Brown, who takes responsibility for the day to day management. West View is a terraced property situated in a residential area close to Clitheroe town centre. A bus stop is located near to the home and there are small shops, a church and library within walking distance. There is a small front garden and a yard to the rear. Parking is on the roadside. There are three single rooms, one on the ground floor and two upstairs. None of the bedrooms have ensuite facilities; the bathroom is on the upper floor. The communal areas on the ground floor comprise a large lounge and a kitchen/dining area. Furnishings are domestic and homely. At 15th October 2008 the weekly fees ranged from three hundred and fifty two pounds to six hundred and eighty one pounds. The fee charged would depend on the amount of support needed. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 5 of 31 Summary This is an overview of what we found during the inspection. The quality rating for this care home is: Our judgement for each outcome: three star excellent service Choice of home Individual needs and choices Lifestyle Personal and healthcare support Concerns, complaints and protection Environment Staffing Conduct and management of the home Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 6 of 31 How we did our inspection: This is what the inspector did when they were at the care home We inspected West View on the 15th October. The staff and people who use the service did not know we were coming. We spoke to the three people who live at West View. We asked them what they thought of the home. We spoke to the staff. We asked them about how they supported the people who use the service Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 7 of 31 We looked at person centred plans We looked at surveys that people who use the service and staff had sent to us. We looked around the house to make sure it was comfortable and safe. We looked at some of the policies and procedures and other paperwork in the office. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 8 of 31 What the care home does well There was a service users guide. This told people all about the home. Everyone had a person centred plan. The plans told staff what was important to people and what they liked to do. The home was good at helping people to make choices. One person said, I like living here because you can do your own thing. Page 9 of 31 Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) People at the home had regular health checks. Staff made sure people saw the nurse or the doctor if they were not well. There was a good complaints procedure. People who use the service knew who to talk to if they were not happy. The staff all had training to make sure they knew how to help people who live at the home. Most of the staff had a special qualification called an NVQ. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 10 of 31 People who use the service and staff got on well. One person said, I get on well with staff, they are good with me. What has got better from the last inspection What the care home could do better Any risk assessments for people who use the service should be kept up to date. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 11 of 31 If you want to read the full report of our inspection please ask the person in charge of the care home If you want to speak to the inspector please contact Jane Craig 33 Greycoat Street London SW1P 2QF 02079792000 If you want to know what action the person responsible for this care home is taking following this report, you can contact them using the details set out on page 4. The report of this inspection is available from our website www.csci.org.uk. You can get printed copies from enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk or by telephoning our order line - 0870 240 7535 Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 12 of 31 Details of our findings Contents Choice of home (standards 1 - 5) Individual needs and choices (standards 6-10) Lifestyle (standards 11 - 17) Personal and healthcare support (standards 18 - 21) Concerns, complaints and protection (standards 22 - 23) Environment (standards 24 - 30) Staffing (standards 31 - 36) Conduct and management of the home (standards 37 - 43) Outstanding statutory requirements Requirements and recommendations from this inspection Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 13 of 31 Choice of home These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People are confident that the care home can support them. This is because there is an accurate assessment of their needs that they, or people close to them, have been involved in. This tells the home all about them, what they hope for and want to achieve, and the support they need. People can decide whether the care home can meet their support and accommodation needs. This is because they, and people close to them, can visit the home and get full, clear, accurate and up to date information. If they decide to stay in the home they know about their rights and responsibilities because there is an easy to understand contract or statement of terms and conditions between the person and the care home that includes how much they will pay and what the home provides for the money. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . People thinking of moving into the home received sufficient information to help them to make a decision and staff received sufficient information to understand the persons needs. Evidence: The statement of purpose and service users guide were given to anyone thinking of moving into West View. Copies of previous inspection reports were available from the manager. The person who returned a survey indicated they received enough information about the home to help them make a decision about moving in. The service users guide gave a good description of what people could expect from the service. For example, it told them that they would be able to choose the decoration and furnishings in their bedroom if they wished. The guide was illustrated with pictures and symbols to make it easier to understand. The annual quality assurance assessment (AQAA) is a report about the home that the manager has to complete and send to the Commission every year. The AQAA told us that the registered person was planning to make the service users guide even more user friendly by offering it in different formats. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 14 of 31 Evidence: There had been no admissions to the home for a number of years. The manager discussed the usual admission process. Anyone thinking of moving into the home was assessed to make sure that their needs were understood and could be met at West View. The manager had developed a new assessment tool which helped to identify the personal, health, social and cultural needs of the new person. The information from the assessment would be discussed with staff to make sure that they understood what support the new person needed. People moved into the home on a four week trial basis. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 15 of 31 Individual needs and choices These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People’s needs and goals are met. The home has a plan of care that the person, or someone close to them, has been involved in making. People are able to make decisions about their life, including their finances, with support if they need it. This is because the staff promote their rights and choices. People are supported to take risks to enable them to stay independent. This is because the staff have appropriate information on which to base decisions. People are asked about, and are involved in, all aspects of life in the home. This is because the manager and staff offer them opportunities to participate in the day to day running of the home and enable them to influence key decisions. People are confident that the home handles information about them appropriately. This is because the home has clear policies and procedures that staff follow. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . The person centred plans ensured that people received the support they needed in the way they wished. People were supported to maximise their independence by taking responsible risks and making decisions about their lives. Evidence: Each person using the service had a person centred plan and a set of care plans. These documents provided clear instructions to staff about the support each person needed to meet their individual needs and goals. People attended their review meetings and had been involved in drawing up their plans. This meant that they had opportunities to discuss and plan for issues that were important to them. The manager had been exploring the use of different formats to make the plans more accessible to people who use the service. For example, summarising plans into one page profiles, which would give a brief overview of the person and easy read information about what was important to and for them. In addition to the review meetings every six months, the manager had introduced monthly summaries. These provided an up to date record of the persons support, Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 16 of 31 Evidence: activities, goals, health and wellbeing. These documents helped to alert staff to any changes and to monitor the persons progress more closely. The people who use the service were able and encouraged to make decisions about all aspects of their daily lives. Staff provided them with information to help them but ultimately they made their own choices. One member of staff said that nothing would be decided without first consulting the people who use the service. The person using the service who returned a survey commented that, within reason, he was always able to make decisions about what he did each day. Another person using the service said, I like living here because you can do your own thing. There were risk assessments on all three files. These were generally in place to enable people to take risks by identifying the possible hazard and drawing up a strategy to help to reduce the risk of harm to the person. For example, one person had a risk management strategy in place to ensure that he was safe when returning home after a night out. The assessment for another person indicated that the level of risk involved in him going out without a staff escort was too high. The assessment gave a good description of the possible hazards and the reason for restricting the persons freedom. However, some of the instructions for staff were not completely clear and up to date. Restrictions on peoples freedom were agreed with the person using the service, others involved in their care and, where necessary, their advocate. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 17 of 31 Lifestyle These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: Each person is treated as an individual and the care home is responsive to his or her race, culture, religion, age, disability, gender and sexual orientation. They can take part in activities that are appropriate to their age and culture and are part of their local community. The care home supports people to follow personal interests and activities. People are able to keep in touch with family, friends and representatives and the home supports them to have appropriate personal, family and sexual relationships. People are as independent as they can be, lead their chosen lifestyle and have the opportunity to make the most of their abilities. Their dignity and rights are respected in their daily life. People have healthy, well-presented meals and snacks, at a time and place to suit them. People have opportunities to develop their social, emotional, communication and independent living skills. This is because the staff support their personal development. People choose and participate in suitable leisure activities. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . People received the support they need to live their chosen lifestyles. Evidence: People who use the service established their own routines. Staff supported them to do what they wanted when they wanted. Everyone had a full and varied weekly programme, which provided a good balance between activities for personal development and activities to meet social and recreational needs. For example, one person had a collection of certificates on his file to show that he had participated in various courses. Another person had recently completed an NVQ level 2 in horticulture and the registered manager was helping him to look for a job where he could use his skills. The manager had also obtained a local allotment, which people using the service and staff were planning to work. One person using the service was assisted to go to church every week. Social activities included going to the bingo sessions at a nearby club, going out for meals, going to the gym and group activities with people from Elms House. Everyone had just returned from a holiday which one person described as, Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 18 of 31 Evidence: really good. People were assisted to maintain friendships and keep in contact with their families. The manager helped one person to keep in touch with a member of his family who lived overseas. She helped to send emails and information about the persons achievements as a member of the service user network and other groups. One person said that when they were on holiday staff arranged for him to see a relative who lived near where they were staying. People using the service felt they were a part of the local community. One person said that staff got him talking newspapers because he did not read very well but he liked to keep up to date with what was going on in the local area. Staff understood the importance of ensuring people had privacy. For example, mail was left unopened and staff did not go into bedrooms without permission. Care plans made reference to how peoples privacy and dignity were maintained when assisting with personal care. The person who returned a survey said that staff always treated him well and another person said that staff were respectful. People who use the service helped with meal planning and shopping but staff cooked most of the meals. One person said that they had been working with a member of staff doing some new things for the menus. People using the service could assist with the cooking if they wished to and one person sometimes cooked his specialities for the others. Records of meals showed that people had a choice at each mealtime and had a varied and balanced diet. One person said, You can pick what food you want and put it on the shopping list. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 19 of 31 Personal and healthcare support These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People receive personal support from staff in the way they prefer and want. Their physical and emotional health needs are met because the home has procedures in place that staff follow. If people take medicine, they manage it themselves if they can. If they cannot manage their medicine, the care home supports them with it in a safe way. If people are approaching the end of their life, the care home will respect their choices and help them to feel comfortable and secure. They, and people close to them, are reassured that their death will be handled with sensitivity, dignity and respect, and take account of their spiritual and cultural wishes. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience excellent quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . Peoples health and personal care needs were met in the way they preferred. Evidence: Care plans to assist with personal care tasks were completely person centred. This meant that staff knew exactly what they needed to do to help the person to meet their needs in the way they preferred. The plans focussed on what the person was able to do for themselves, which helped them to maintain their independence. There was equipment to assist mobility and with bathing if needed. People using the service had health action plans which were reviewed every year. The plans identified who was involved in helping people to monitor their health care needs. There were care plans in place to address any specific health needs, such as diabetes. There was evidence that new physical and mental health care needs were identified quickly and referrals were made to the appropriate professionals. Records showed that the manager followed up appointments and ensured that people received the health care they needed. One person was waiting to go into hospital. He described how the staff had helped him with appointments and taken him for various investigations. He said, They have all looked after me, they have all been grand. Staff had also helped the person to draw up a plan called, how to support me in hospital. This was to help Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 20 of 31 Evidence: the ward staff understand what was important to the person, for example his nightly routines, and how they could best support him. Only one person at West View took regular medication. There was a risk assessment and management strategy to support him to look after his own medicine with minimal supervision from staff. The manager had drawn up an easy read guide about taking medicines. It described the medicines using the terms that the person taking the medicine used, for example heart tablet and why and when it should be taken. The person who was administering their own medicines was confident that they were doing it right and said, I have never forgotten any and I take them with me when I go out. Staff carried out regular but discreet checks to make sure the person was still managing their medicines safely. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 21 of 31 Concerns, complaints and protection These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: If people have concerns with their care, they or people close to them, know how to complain. Their concern is looked into and action taken to put things right. The care home safeguards people from abuse, neglect and self-harm and takes action to follow up any allegations. There are no additional outcomes. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . People using the service were protected by the complaints and safeguarding procedures which were understood by staff. Evidence: There was an easy read complaints procedure on display around the home and people were given a copy in their service user guide. The AQAA indicated that there had been no complaints about the service since the last inspection. The person who completed a survey indicated that they knew who to speak to if they were not happy. One person said, I would talk to Joanne (the manager) if I had any troubles. All staff attended a one day course in safeguarding last year. The manager said she had received good feedback about the course. Most staff were due for refresher training which the manager was planning to deliver. Written guidance was also available to staff helping them to recognise and report any suspected or actual safeguarding incidents. Staff said they would report any bad practice to the manager. They were also aware of the whistle blowing policy and who to report to outside the home if necessary. There had not been any safeguarding referrals for the service. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 22 of 31 Environment These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People stay in a safe and well-maintained home that is homely, clean, comfortable, pleasant and hygienic. People stay in a home that has enough space and facilities for them to lead the life they choose and to meet their needs. The home makes sure they have the right specialist equipment that encourages and promotes their independence. Their room feels like their own, it is comfortable and they feel safe when they use it. People have enough privacy when using toilets and bathrooms. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . People using the service had a safe, clean and comfortable place to live. Evidence: The manager carries out an environmental audit every six months. Any areas in need of repair or redecoration were identified and records showed that all work had been carried out. From looking around the building it was apparent that the home was well maintained. There was a book for recording faults and repairs were carried out quickly. One person said, we can point out anything that is wrong and it gets done straight away. Several areas had been redecorated and there were some new furnishings since the last inspection. People were happy with their bedrooms, which reflected their personalities and interests. One person said, My bedrooms all changed and I chose the new colour. Another said that he preferred staff to choose the decoration and furniture because they were better at it than him. At the time of the visit all areas of the home were clean and fresh. The person who returned a survey indicated it was always like that. One person said that he liked to help with the chores. The AQAA indicated that the manager had carried out an infection control assessment in the home. All staff had received training in infection control procedures. There was also pictorial information for people using the service Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 23 of 31 Evidence: about basic hygiene and infection control. The topic was discussed regularly at the service user meetings. The manager said the reason for this was to help them to understand why staff asked them to wash their hands and not to feel offended if staff had to wear protective clothing. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 24 of 31 Staffing These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People have safe and appropriate support as there are enough competent, qualified staff on duty at all times. They have confidence in the staff at the home because checks have been done to make sure that they are suitable. People’s needs are met and they are supported because staff get the right training, supervision and support they need from their managers. People are supported by an effective staff team who understand and do what is expected of them. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . Recruitment practices provided safeguards and people who use the service were supported by a consistent and competent staff team. Evidence: Staffing levels were flexible to meet the individual needs of people using the service. The member of staff who returned a survey indicated that there were always enough staff on duty. People using the service said they got on well with the staff. One said, If you ask for anything they never refuse you. Another said, I get on well with staff they are good with me. The AQAA showed that there was a low turnover of staff. The file of one recently appointed member of staff was looked at. The file contained evidence of a thorough recruitment process. Employment references and a CRB disclosure had been obtained before they started work at the home. New staff completed an initial induction programme which included an introduction to the home and the policies and procedures. Staff who did not have a qualification in health and social care went on to complete the Skills for Care common induction standards. They also had access to induction standards for staff working with people with a learning disability. Staff who completed a survey said their induction covered everything very well and they also worked alongside other staff. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 25 of 31 Evidence: Staff said there were good opportunities for ongoing training. Records showed that all staff had up to date training in the safe working practice topics. Most had also attended training that was specific to the needs of the people using the service. For example, person centred thinking, managing aggression and specific learning disabilities. The AQAA showed that over half the staff had an NVQ level 2. The manager said that staff chose units that were relevant to their role and the people they were supporting. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 26 of 31 Conduct and management of the home These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People have confidence in the care home because it is run and managed appropriately. People’s opinions are central to how the home develops and reviews their practice, as the home has appropriate ways of making sure they continue to get things right. The environment is safe for people and staff because health and safety practices are carried out. People get the right support from the care home because the manager runs it appropriately, with an open approach that makes them feel valued and respected. They are safeguarded because the home follows clear financial and accounting procedures, keeps records appropriately and makes sure staff understand the way things should be done. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service . The service was well run and the high level of consultation meant that people using the service could contribute to the development of the service. Evidence: The registered provider managed the home on a day to day basis. She had many years experience and held the required qualifications in care and management. Through networking and attending courses, the manager kept up to date with any new legislation and good practice guidance and ensured that it was put into place. She is due to start a management refresher course in November. A member of staff commented, West View is run extremely well. There were a number of systems in place to monitor the quality of the service. West View was on the preferred provider list for Lancashire County Council. This meant that social services assessed the home on a regular basis to make sure the standards were high enough to carry on placing people there. The home also held the Investors in People award. In house monitoring systems included annual service user surveys where people were invited to comment on all areas of the home and make suggestions for changes. One person had wanted to change the decor of his room and this had Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 27 of 31 Evidence: been done. Minutes of meetings for people who use the service showed that they were kept in touch with any new developments in the home and that any ideas they had for improvements were followed up. One person commented, Within reason we have a say on whats going on. Fire safety training for staff was up to date. People who use the service also had basic training and were involved in regular fire drills. One person said that when the alarms went off they should go out to the front of the house. Another said, We have fire practices quite often and everything is always good. The AQAA showed that servicing and maintenance of installations and appliances used in the home was up to date. There were environmental and safe working practice risk assessments in place. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 28 of 31 Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? Yes  No  Outstanding statutory requirements These are requirements that were set at the previous inspection, but have still not been met. They say what the registered person had to do to meet the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. No Standard Regulation Requirement Timescale for action Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 29 of 31 Requirements and recommendations from this inspection Immediate requirements: These are immediate requirements that were set on the day we visited this care home. The registered person had to meet these within 48 hours. No Standard Regulation Description Timescale for action Statutory requirements These requirements set out what the registered person must do to meet the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The registered person(s) must do this within the timescales we have set No Standard Regulation Description Timescale for action Recommendations These recommendations are taken from the best practice described in the National Minimum Standards and the registered person(s) should consider them as a way of improving their service. No Refer to Standard Good Practice Recommendations 1 9 Strategies for managing risks should be updated if any of the circumstances surrounding the potential hazard or level of risk changes. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 30 of 31 Helpline: Telephone: 0845 015 0120 or 0191 233 3323 Textphone : 0845 015 2255 or 0191 233 3588 Email: enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk Web:www.csci.org.uk We want people to be able to access this information. If you would like a summary in a different format or language please contact our helpline or go to our website. Copyright © (2008) Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, free of charge, in any format or medium provided that it is not used for commercial gain. This consent is subject to the material being reproduced accurately and on proviso that it is not used in a derogatory manner or misleading context. The material should be acknowledged as CSCI copyright, with the title and date of publication of the document specified. Care Homes for Adults (18-65 years) Page 31 of 31 - Please note that this information is included on www.bestcarehome.co.uk under license from the regulator. Re-publishing this information is in breach of the terms of use of that website. Discrete codes and changes have been inserted throughout the textual data shown on the site that will provide incontrovertable proof of copying in the event this information is re-published on other websites. The policy of www.bestcarehome.co.uk is to use all legal avenues to pursue such offenders, including recovery of costs. You have been warned!