Inspection on 19/02/09 for Tudor Cottage

This inspection was carried out on 19th February 2009.

CSCI found this care home to be providing an Good service.

The inspector made no statutory requirements on the home as a result of this inspection and there were no outstanding actions from the previous inspection report.

Other inspections for this house

Similar services:

Fairfields Country Rest Home

Poldhu

Queensmount

Trevaylor Manor

Didsbury Court Rest Home

Belma

Hunters Care Centre

Manor Lodge

Extracts from inspection reports are licensed from CQC, this page was updated on 10/07/2009.

Inspecting for better lives Key inspection report Care homes for older people Name: Address: Tudor Cottage 7-8 South Street Axminster Devon EX13 5AD     The quality rating for this care home is:   two star good service A quality rating is our assessment of how well a care home, agency or scheme is meeting the needs of the people who use it. We give a quality rating following a full assessment of the service. We call this a ‘key’ inspection. Lead inspector: Sue Dewis     Date: 1 9 0 2 2 0 0 9 This is a report of an inspection where we looked at how well this care home is meeting the needs of people who use it. There is a summary of what we think this service does well, what they have improved on and, where it applies, what they need to do better. We use the national minimum standards to describe the outcomes that people should experience. National minimum standards are written by the Department of Health for each type of care service. After the summary there is more detail about our findings. The following table explains what you will see under each outcome area. Outcome area (for example Choice of home) These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. that people have said are important to them: They reflect the things This box tells you the outcomes that we will always inspect against when we do a key inspection. This box tells you any additional outcomes that we may inspect against when we do a key inspection. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: This box tells you our opinion of what we have looked at in this outcome area. We will say whether it is excellent, good, adequate or poor. Evidence: This box describes the information we used to come to our judgement. Copies of the National Minimum Standards – Care Homes for Older People can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or bought from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering from the Stationery Office is also available: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to: • • • • Put the people who use social care first Improve services and stamp out bad practice Be an expert voice on social care Practise what we preach in our own organisation Our duty to regulate social care services is set out in the Care Standards Act 2000. Care Homes for Older People Page 2 of 27 Reader Information Document Purpose Author Audience Further copies from Copyright Inspection report CSCI General public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) Copyright © (2009) Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, free of charge, in any format or medium provided that it is not used for commercial gain. This consent is subject to the material being reproduced accurately and on proviso that it is not used in a derogatory manner or misleading context. The material should be acknowledged as CSCI copyright, with the title and date of publication of the document specified. www.cqc.org.uk Internet address Care Homes for Older People Page 3 of 27 Information about the care home Name of care home: Address: Tudor Cottage 7-8 South Street Axminster Devon EX13 5AD 0129733016 0129735833 Telephone number: Fax number: Email address: Provider web address: Name of registered provider(s): Type of registration: Number of places registered: Conditions of registration: Category(ies) : Mrs Sandra Joyce care home 19 Number of places (if applicable): Under 65 Over 65 0 19 dementia old age, not falling within any other category Additional conditions: 19 0 The maximum number of service users who can be accommodated is 19. The registered person may provide the following category of service only: Care home only - Code PC to service users of either gender whose primary care needs on admission to the home are within the following categories: Old age, not falling within any other category (Code OP) Dementia (Code DE) Date of last inspection Brief description of the care home Tudor Cottage is registered to provide personal care and accommodation for up to 19 elderly people who may have become frail or suffer from dementia. The property is a detached cottage that has been extended to provide 15 single and 2 double bedrooms, plus dining room and 2 lounges. It is situated in the centre of Axminster, next door to the library and close to a wide range of local facilities. There is a small and secluded patio garden to the rear of the home. However, this cannot easily be accessed by people living there. Bedrooms are on the ground and first floors and have stair lift access. Twelve rooms have an en suite W.C. Care Homes for Older People Page 4 of 27 Brief description of the care home One of the single rooms is in a converted building which forms a self-contained unit, a short distance from the back door and at the far side of the patio garden. This room has a full en suite bathroom. There are 3 bathrooms all of which have bath hoists and a seperate hairdressing room. The reports from The Commissions inspections are made available on request from the office. Fees at the home are between 320 and 590 pounds per week. General information about fees and fair terms of contracts can be accessed from the Office of Fair Trading web site at http:/www.oft.gov.uk. Care Homes for Older People Page 5 of 27 Summary This is an overview of what we found during the inspection. The quality rating for this care home is: Our judgement for each outcome: two star good service Choice of home Health and personal care Daily life and social activities Complaints and protection Environment Staffing Management and administration peterchart Poor Adequate Good Excellent How we did our inspection: This unannounced visit took place over 8 hours, one day In the middle of February 2009. This was the first visit since a change of ownership took place in August last year. The home had been notified that a review of the home was due and had been asked to complete and return an AQAA (Annual Quality Assurance Assessment). This shows us how the home has managed the quality of the service provided over the previous year. It also confirms the dates of maintenance of equipment and what policies and procedures are in place. Information from this document was used to write this report. Although only one inspector undertook this inspection, throughout the report there will Care Homes for Older People Page 6 of 27 be reference to what we found and what we were told. This is because the report is written on behalf of the Care Quality Commission. During the inspection 3 people were case tracked. This involves looking at peoples individual plans of care, and, where possible speaking with the person and staff who care for them. This enables the Commission to better understand the experience of everyone living at the home. As part of the inspection process CQC likes to ask as many people as possible for their opinion on how the home is run. We sent questionnaires out to some people living at the home, and some staff. At the time of writing the report, responses had been received from 6 people living at the home and 5 staff. Their comments and views have been included in this report and helped us to make a judgement about the service provided. During the inspection 3 people living at the home were spoken with individually and 5 in a group setting, as well as observing staff and people living at the home throughout the day.We also spoke with 3 staff, the owner and the manager. A full tour of the communal areas of the building was made and a sample of records was looked at, including medications, care plans, the fire log book and staff files. All key standards were inspected. Some people living at the home have limited verbal communication skills, and as we are not skilled in their other methods of communication it was difficult for us to have any meaningful communication with these people. However, the interaction between the people living at the home and those who care for them was closely observed. What the care home does well: What has improved since the last inspection? What they could do better: If you want to know what action the person responsible for this care home is taking following this report, you can contact them using the details set out on page 4. The report of this inspection is available from our website www.cqc.org.uk. You can get printed copies from enquiries@cqc.org.uk or by telephoning our order line –0870 240 7535. Care Homes for Older People Page 8 of 27 Details of our findings Contents Choice of home (standards 1 - 6) Health and personal care (standards 7 - 11) Daily life and social activities (standards 12 - 15) Complaints and protection (standards 16 - 18) Environment (standards 19 - 26) Staffing (standards 27 - 30) Management and administration (standards 31 - 38) Outstanding statutory requirements Requirements and recommendations from this inspection Care Homes for Older People Page 9 of 27 Choice of home These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People are confident that the care home can support them. This is because there is an accurate assessment of their needs that they, or people close to them, have been involved in. This tells the home all about them and the support they need. People who stay at the home only for intermediate care, have a clear assessment that includes a plan on what they hope for and want to achieve when they return home. People can decide whether the care home can meet their support and accommodation needs. This is because they, or people close to them, have been able to visit the home and have got full, clear, accurate and up to date information about the home. If they decide to stay in the home they know about their rights and responsibilities because there is an easy to understand contract or statement of terms and conditions between them and the care home that includes how much they will pay and what the home provides for the money. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service. The admission procedure ensures that there is a proper assessment prior to people moving into the home, and that they can be assured that their care needs can be met. Evidence: A new Statement of Purpose and Service User Guide are available to people thinking of moving into the home. The files of three people were looked at, including that of the most recently admitted person. The manager told us the procedure that she follows before offering anyone a place at the home. We were told that this included visiting the person to complete a pre-admission assessment and obtaining as much other information from family and health care professionals as possible. The manager and owner would then discuss whether the persons needs can be met at Tudor Cottage, and if they can, the person is written to, to confirm this. Care Homes for Older People Page 10 of 27 Evidence: All three files looked at showed a detailed assessment had been completed prior to the person moving into the home. Two people who responded via a survey form said they had received enough information before they moved into the home, to enable them to make their decision. The home does not provide intermediate care. Care Homes for Older People Page 11 of 27 Health and personal care These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People’s health, personal and social care needs are met. The home has a plan of care that the person, or someone close to them, has been involved in making. If they take medicine, they manage it themselves if they can. If they cannot manage their medicine, the care home supports them with it, in a safe way. People’s right to privacy is respected and the support they get from staff is given in a way that maintains their dignity. If people are approaching the end of their life, the care home will respect their choices and help them feel comfortable and secure. They, and people close to them, are reassured that their death will be handled with sensitivity, dignity and respect, and take account of their spiritual and cultural wishes. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service. Everyone who lives at the home has a care plan which provides staff with information to enable them to meet peoples health and social care needs on a day to day basis. The management of medication is good and helps ensure people are protected from the risk of not receiving their prescribed medication. Evidence: The care plans of three people living at the home were looked at. There is a new care plan format which contains detailed assessments of peoples health care needs and gave good directions to staff on how these needs were to be met. The care plans also contain information on personal care and food preferences. There is little life history completed at present, but key workers are working with families to increase the amount of information available. Key workers also liaise with families and ensure individuals know who they can talk to if they have any concerns. Staff said via survey forms that care plans were much improved since the change of ownership. They felt that they gave them more information and were working well. Care Homes for Older People Page 12 of 27 Evidence: There was evidence that detailed risk assessments have been completed where necessary and in particular there were risk assessments relating to pressure area care and moving and handling needs. There was also some evidence that care plans had been reviewed and that the individual or their representative had been included in the care planning process. It was clear through discussions with staff that they knew the people they care for very well and knew how best to meet to meet their needs. There were some good daily recordings that gave an indication of how the individual had spent their day and what care had been given. However, the recordings need to be more specifically related to the care plans, and rather than record appears well or good night indicate how the identified needs had been met. A chart is also used to record that certain tasks have been carried out. The owner regularly audits the care plans to ensure they are being used correctly and that all the necessary information has been recorded. There was evidence on file that peoples health care needs were being met, and that a range of health care professionals visited the home, including GPs and District Nurses. It was possible to see where one person who had been complaining of pain was seen by their GP and sent for an x-ray. There is a policy and procedure for the administration of medicines and evidence was seen to show that people would be supported to look after their own medicines if they wish to, though no-one chooses to do so at the moment. All medicines were seen to be stored correctly and staff were seen administering them appropriately and signing the MAR (Medication Administration Record) as needed. We were told that all staff who administer medication have received appropriate training. We were told that the home is looking to change the chemist that supplies their medication as they are looking for a better service. All people we saw during this visit looked well cared for, were treated with respect by the staff and their right to privacy was upheld. Personal care was seen to be offered in a discreet manner. Staff told us how they respect peoples privacy when helping them with personal care and we heard staff speaking with people in a kindly, friendly way. There was an obvious affection between staff and the people they care for. Care Homes for Older People Page 13 of 27 Care Homes for Older People Page 14 of 27 Daily life and social activities These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: Each person is treated as an individual and the care home is responsive to his or her race, culture, religion, age, disability, gender and sexual orientation. They are part of their local community. The care home supports people to follow personal interests and activities. People are able to keep in touch with family, friends and representatives. They are as independent as they can be, lead their chosen lifestyle and have the opportunity to make the most of their abilities. People have nutritious and attractive meals and snacks, at a time and place to suit them. There are no additional outcomes. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service. Social interaction and activities are available, and there is good daily variation for people living in the home. Evidence: An activities file is kept that details all the activities that take place within the home. There is also a photo album that shows people enjoying the various activities. Photos were seen of people making roses for Valentines Day, making biscuits, doing Flexercises and enjoying entertainers. The home produces a regular newsletter the Tudor Times that keeps people informed about the goings on within the home. Staff told us that they had time to sit and chat with people and that not all their interaction was centered around care giving. Staff said via survey forms that activities had improved 100 since the new owners took over. The home has the use of a mini bus and we were told that some people go out into the community to use the library and the hairdresser. There are monthly church services held at the home. Care Homes for Older People Page 15 of 27 Evidence: People living at the home told us that their family and friends can visit them at any time and that they are always made welcome. The owner and manager told us that relatives are welcome at any time, though they do ask that people let them know if they will be visiting after 8pm. The owner and manager told us that they are always asking people for their views and try to involve people in the home at all times. Regular meetings are held so that people living at the home can express their views. We were told that everything at the home is person centered and is driven by the people who live there. Staff were able to tell us how they offered choices to people though out the day, including what time they get up, what they wear and where they sit. We were told that people were encouraged to remain independent and that as few restrictions as possible were put on their daily lives. People told us that the food was generally very good at the home and that there was always an alternative if they didnt want what was on the menu. We ate lunch with people in the dining room. The meal was tasty, well presented and nutritious and people said that they enjoyed it. We saw people being helped with their meals in a discreet manner. We were told by the owner and manager that the cook prepares the menus based on the likes and dislikes of the individuals. The home is currently looking at ways to ensure people who cannot voice a preference can be offered alternatives and is looking at using the Total Communication package to do this. There was much friendly banter between staff and people living at the home. The AQAA (Annual Quality Assurance Assessment) submitted prior to the inspection indicates that in order to improve the service the home intends to introduce different entertainers and will listen to the feedback from relatives, residents, resident meetings and formal surveys to develop activities to meet the emotional and social needs of the residents at the time. Care Homes for Older People Page 16 of 27 Complaints and protection These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: If people have concerns with their care, they or people close to them know how to complain. Any concern is looked into and action taken to put things right. The care home safeguards people from abuse and neglect and takes action to follow up any allegations. People’s legal rights are protected, including being able to vote in elections. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service. There is a good complaints procedure and people can be confident that their concerns will be listened to. Adequate procedures are in place to ensure that people are protected from abuse. Evidence: There is a clear and simple complaints procedure in place to help people who may wish to raise concerns. The procedure has also been simplified further using symols. There is a copy of the procedure displayed in the hallway and the office. A complaints file is kept so there is an easy read summary of any complaints. The details of the one complaint showed that it had been dealt with appropriately. Some people living at the home who were spoken with during this visit were unable to tell us whether they knew about the homes complaint procedure or whether they would feel comfortable making a complaint. However, those who were spoken with were able to tell us who they would speak with if they were unhappy about anything. This was generally the manager or their key worker. Records show, and staff told us that they had received training in Protection Of Vulnerable Adults (POVA) issues. All three staff that we spoke with were able to discuss different forms of abuse and said that they would report any suspicions they had to the manager. They were also clear about who they would report any concerns Care Homes for Older People Page 17 of 27 Evidence: to, outside of the home. Care Homes for Older People Page 18 of 27 Environment These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People stay in a safe and well-maintained home that is homely, clean, pleasant and hygienic. People stay in a home that has enough space and facilities for them to lead the life they choose and to meet their needs. The home makes sure they have the right specialist equipment that encourages and promotes their independence. Their room feels like their own, it is comfortable and they feel safe when they use it. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service. The home provides a pleasant, comfortable and safe environment for those living in, working at and visiting the home. Evidence: A full tour of the communal areas of the home was made and some individual bedrooms were looked at. Tudor Cottage is a period building that has been altered and extended over the years. There are two lounges and a dining room, which are used flexibly. The home has some interesting features including a number of porthole type windows and beamed ceilings. As is to be expected in a period building there are some low ceilings and uneven floors. The communal areas of the home have a comfortable homely feel. They are nicely decorated and comfortably furnished in a domestic style. There is a sheltered courtyard garden, however, this is only accessible with help from staff, unless the person is very mobile. There are 15 single bedrooms and 2 shared rooms of various sizes and shapes. Many of the bedrooms on the first floor have sloping ceilings and alcoves making them Care Homes for Older People Page 19 of 27 Evidence: appear small but cosy and homely, all have locks fitted to the doors. Peoples bedrooms contained many individual items and reflected the personality of the occupant. People told us that they had been able to bring things from their home when they had first moved in. There are 3 bathrooms each equipped with a specialist hoist and 13 of the bedrooms have en suite facilities. There is also a separate hairdressing room. The home has a range of equipment including two stair-lifts, grab rails, handrails, a mobile hoist and moving and handling equipment. Since the new owner took over there have been a number of new items purchased, including new beds and memory foam mattresses, recliner chairs and duvet covers. Carpets have also been replaced in some bedrooms. All areas of the home were clean, well ventilated and there were no unpleasant odours. The laundry area is currently being redeveloped and is now much larger, more easily accessible and has commercial equipment installed. An impervious floor covering will be fitted to minimise the risk of cross contamination. Staff confirmed that disposable gloves and aprons were available to them in order to minimise the risk of cross infection. They also confirmed and records show that they have received training in this area. Care Homes for Older People Page 20 of 27 Staffing These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People have safe and appropriate support as there are enough competent staff on duty at all times. They have confidence in the staff at the home because checks have been done to make sure that they are suitable to care for them. Their needs are met and they are cared for by staff who get the relevant training and support from their managers. There are no additional outcomes. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service. A wide range of training is provided and the numbers and skill mix of staff on duty are sufficient to meet the needs of people currently living at the home. People are protected by recruitment procedures that ensure people who may be unsuitable to work with vulnerable people are not employed at the home. Evidence: On the morning of the visit there were 17 people living at the home. There were 4 care staff on duty plus the manager and 3 ancillary staff. People that were spoken with felt that there were enough staff at the home to meet their needs. Three staff files were looked at, including 2 for people who had not yet started work. One file contained all the required information including satisfactory CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) checks, two written references and proof of identity. The files of the staff who had not yet started were incomplete and were waiting for CRB checks to be returned and one was waiting for a reference. The owner and manager assured us that no-one is allowed to work in the home until all the required checks are complete. Training has a high priority at the home. A training matrix is maintained that shows what training staff have had and what is due to be updated. Staff confirmed that they Care Homes for Older People Page 21 of 27 Evidence: receive a wide variety of training, including Fire procedures, Moving and Handling, Food Hygiene, First Aid and Infection Control. Staff are also encouraged to work for NVQs (National Vocational Qualifications) and 8 staff currently have NVQ level 2 or above. Staff were praised by people living at the home when we spoke with them and one person told us that staff were always kind and they could have a laugh with them. The AQAA (Annual Quality Assurance Assessment) submitted prior to the inspection indicates that in order to improve the service the home intends to provide training for staff on the Mental Capacity Act, dementia and health and safety. Care Homes for Older People Page 22 of 27 Management and administration These are the outcomes that people staying in care homes should experience. They reflect the things that people have said are important to them: People have confidence in the care home because it is led and managed appropriately. People control their own money and choose how they spend it. If they or someone close to them cannot manage their money, it is managed by the care home in their best interests. The environment is safe for people and staff because appropriate health and safety practices are carried out. People get the right support from the care home because the manager runs it appropriately with an open approach that makes them feel valued and respected. The people staying at the home are safeguarded because it follows clear financial and accounting procedures, keeps records appropriately and ensures their staff understand the way things should be done. They get the right care because the staff are supervised and supported by their managers. This is what people staying in this care home experience: Judgement: People using this service experience good quality outcomes in this area. We have made this judgement using a range of evidence, including a visit to this service. The home is well managed resulting in practices that promote and safeguard the health, safety and welfare of people who live and work in the home. Evidence: Mrs Joyce the owner, purchased the property in August of last year. She owns two other homes in the Somerset area and is a registered nurse with many years experience of care settings. The Registered Manager Jenny Strawbridge, has day to day responsibility for staffing and the provision of care. She has worked at the home for many years as a care manager, but was not registered with the Commission before Mrs Joyce took ownership of the home. They said that they work well together and work hard to ensure there is an open and transparent atmosphere within the home. Staff that we spoke with during the visit told us that they felt supported by the Care Homes for Older People Page 23 of 27 Evidence: manager and owner to do a good job. A formal quality assurance system has been put in place at the home. Questionnaires are due to be sent out to everyone connected with the home the weekend following this visit. Following the return of the questionnaires any suggestions will be implemented. A report of the findings will be drawn up and published in the Tudor Times. There are regular meetings for people who live at the home, to enable them to express their views of the home. A newsletter is produced to keep people informed of what is going on in the home. No monies are managed on behalf of anyone at the home. People are invoiced when necessary for any items each month. Some people manage their own finances and lockable storage is available in all bedrooms. The AQAA (Annual Quality Assurance Assessment) submitted prior to the visit, provided evidence that Tudor Cottage complies with health and safety legislation in relation to maintenance of equipment, storage of hazardous substances, fire precautions, health and safety checks and risk assessments. Policies and procedures are not always inspected during the visit but the information provided on the AQAA helps us form a judgement as to whether the home has the correct policies to keep people living and working at the home safe. Information provided by the home, evidenced that policies and procedures are in place and along with risk assessments are reviewed regularly and updated where necessary, to ensure they remain appropriate and reduce risks to people living and working at the home. So that the risk of burning from hot surfaces is minimised, radiators within the home have been covered. Restrictors are fitted to windows above ground floor level to minimise the risk of anyone falling from these windows. There are no thermostatic valves fitted to taps at the moment to prevent the risk of burns from hot water. However, the owner told us that these would be fitted as soon as possible. She has also stated that risk assessments have been carried out on each resident in respect of the lack of thermostatic valves and that there is adequate signage at the hazard points. Care Homes for Older People Page 24 of 27 Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? Yes £ No R Outstanding statutory requirements These are requirements that were set at the previous inspection, but have still not been met. They say what the registered person had to do to meet the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. No. Standard Regulation Requirement Timescale for action Care Homes for Older People Page 25 of 27 Requirements and recommendations from this inspection: Immediate requirements: These are immediate requirements that were set on the day we visited this care home. The registered person had to meet these within 48 hours. No. Standard Regulation Requirement Timescale for action Statutory requirements These requirements set out what the registered person must do to meet the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The registered person(s) must do this within the timescales we have set. No. Standard Regulation Requirement Timescale for action Recommendations These recommendations are taken from the best practice described in the National Minimum Standards and the registered person(s) should consider them as a way of improving their service. No. Refer to Standard Good Practice Recommendations Care Homes for Older People Page 26 of 27 Helpline: Telephone: 03000 616161 or Textphone: or Email: enquiries@cqc.org.uk Web: www.cqc.org.uk We want people to be able to access this information. If you would like a summary in a different format or language please contact our helpline or go to our website. Copyright © (2009) Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, free of charge, in any format or medium provided that it is not used for commercial gain. This consent is subject to the material being reproduced accurately and on proviso that it is not used in a derogatory manner or misleading context. The material should be acknowledged as CSCI copyright, with the title and date of publication of the document specified. Care Homes for Older People Page 27 of 27 - Please note that this information is included on www.bestcarehome.co.uk under license from the regulator. Re-publishing this information is in breach of the terms of use of that website. Discrete codes and changes have been inserted throughout the textual data shown on the site that will provide incontrovertable proof of copying in the event this information is re-published on other websites. The policy of www.bestcarehome.co.uk is to use all legal avenues to pursue such offenders, including recovery of costs. You have been warned!