Inspection on 13/01/06 for Whitegates Care Home

This inspection was carried out on 13th January 2006.

CSCI has not published a star rating for this report, though using similar criteria we estimate that the report is Good. The way we rate inspection reports is consistent for all houses, though please be aware that this may be different from an official CSCI judgement.

The inspector made no statutory requirements on the home as a result of this inspection and there were no outstanding actions from the previous inspection report.

Other inspections for this house

Whitegates Care Home 14/11/07

Whitegates Care Home 12/02/07

Whitegates Care Home 23/05/05

Whitegates Care Home 14/02/05

Whitegates Care Home 04/10/04

Similar services:

Flint House

St Vincents

The Cotswold Home

Fairways

Newbeech House

Winton House

Treloar College

Rush Court

Extracts from inspection reports are licensed from CQC, this page was updated on 09/07/2008.

CARE HOMES FOR OLDER PEOPLE Whitegates Care Home Gravel Lane Ringwood Hampshire BH24 1LL Lead Inspector Marilyn Lewis Unannounced Inspection 13th January 2006 10:00 X10015.doc Version 1.40 Page 1 The Commission for Social Care Inspection aims to: • • • • Put the people who use social care first Improve services and stamp out bad practice Be an expert voice on social care Practise what we preach in our own organisation Reader Information Document Purpose Author Audience Further copies from Copyright Inspection Report CSCI General Public 0870 240 7535 (telephone order line) This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the express permission of CSCI www.csci.org.uk Internet address Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 2 This is a report of an inspection to assess whether services are meeting the needs of people who use them. The legal basis for conducting inspections is the Care Standards Act 2000 and the relevant National Minimum Standards for this establishment are those for Care Homes for Older People. They can be found at www.dh.gov.uk or obtained from The Stationery Office (TSO) PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1GN. Tel: 0870 600 5522. Online ordering: www.tso.co.uk/bookshop This report is a public document. Extracts may not be used or reproduced without the prior permission of the Commission for Social Care Inspection. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 3 SERVICE INFORMATION Name of service Whitegates Care Home Address Gravel Lane Ringwood Hampshire BH24 1LL Telephone number Fax number Email address Provider Web address Name of registered provider(s)/company (if applicable) Name of registered manager (if applicable) Type of registration No. of places registered (if applicable) 01425 472302 01425 478124 jean_jacquesdubois@btconnect.com Mrs Adele Melody Dubois Mr Jean Jacques Dubois Mrs Kay Chapman Care Home 21 Category(ies) of Old age, not falling within any other category registration, with number (20), Physical disability (4), Physical disability of places over 65 years of age (4) Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 4 SERVICE INFORMATION Conditions of registration: 1. 2. 3. Service users in the category PD must be at least 25 years of age. A maximum of 4 service users in the categories PD/PD(E) may be accommodated at any one time. Service users in categories PD/PD(E) are only to be accommodated on the ground floor. 23rd May 2005 Date of last inspection Brief Description of the Service: Whitegates care home provides accommodation and support for twenty-one older people, four of whom with physical disabilities may also be accommodated on the ground floor of the home. The home is situated in a quiet residential area, just north of Ringwood town centre. The already much improved home continues to benefit from regular decoration and maintanence, the garden is well presented. Mr JJ and Mrs A Dubois privately own the home, which is managed by Mrs Kay Chapman. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 5 SUMMARY This is an overview of what the inspector found during the inspection. This unannounced inspection took place on the 13th January 2006. The inspector toured the home and met with seven residents, three staff members, the registered manager and one of the registered providers. Records were seen for staff training and recruitment, supervision, staff and resident meetings, fire records, resident’s finances and medication. Care plans for two residents were also sampled. This is the second unannounced inspection for the year April 1st 2005 to March 31st 2006. Information on standards assessed in the first inspection can be found in the inspection report dated the 23rd May 2005. What the service does well: At the time of the inspection the home looked clean and welcoming. Residents spoken with were satisfied with the care provided and gave comments of ‘lovely home’ and ‘kind staff’. A full needs assessment is undertaken for all prospective residents to ensure the home can meet their care needs and they are given clear information on life at the home to assist them in making a decision about taking a place there. Good care plans provide staff with the information they require to fully support the residents who feel they are treated with respect and sensitivity. Residents are protected by the home’s clear procedures for dealing with medicines. Residents social, cultural, religious and recreational needs are met and they are able to receive visitors as they wish and enjoy a choice of nourishing meals served in a friendly, relaxed atmosphere. The residents are protected by staff awareness of abuse issues. Whitegates provides residents with a clean, safe home that has cheerful communal rooms, personalised bedrooms, sufficient bathroom and toilet facilities and specialist equipment available as required. The resident’s needs are met by the number and skill mix of staff employed at the home and staff who receive the training they require to do their jobs. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 6 The registered manager has the experience required to run the home and staff and residents benefit from her open approach to management and the opportunities offered for them to give their opinions about the quality of care provided. Resident’s financial interests are safeguarded and they are protected by the supervision of staff and the safe working practices in operation at the home. What has improved since the last inspection? What they could do better: Please contact the provider for advice of actions taken in response to this inspection. The report of this inspection is available from enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk or by contacting your local CSCI office. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 7 DETAILS OF INSPECTOR FINDINGS CONTENTS Choice of Home (Standards 1–6) Health and Personal Care (Standards 7-11) Daily Life and Social Activities (Standards 12-15) Complaints and Protection (Standards 16-18) Environment (Standards 19-26) Staffing (Standards 27-30) Management and Administration (Standards 31-38) Scoring of Outcomes Statutory Requirements Identified During the Inspection Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 8 Choice of Home The intended outcomes for Standards 1 – 6 are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Prospective service users have the information they need to make an informed choice about where to live. Each service user has a written contract/ statement of terms and conditions with the home. No service user moves into the home without having had his/her needs assessed and been assured that these will be met. Service users and their representatives know that the home they enter will meet their needs. Prospective service users and their relatives and friends have an opportunity to visit and assess the quality, facilities and suitability of the home. Service users assessed and referred solely for intermediate care are helped to maximise their independence and return home. The Commission considers Standards 3 and 6 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 1, 2 and 3 No one is admitted to the home without a full care needs assessment and the prospective resident is provided with clear information about life at the home to assist them in making a decision and they receives written contract on admission. EVIDENCE: The home has a Statement of Purpose and Service User Guide that provide clear information for prospective residents and their relatives on the services and facilities available at the home. The documents give details all aspects of the home including the registered manager’s qualifications and experience, the layout of the home and the provision for social activities. The documents are written in plain English that is easy to read and understand. Each resident is given a written contract providing the terms and conditions for living in the home, including what services are included in the fees and those that are available at an additional cost such as newspapers and hairdressing. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 9 Prospective residents who are able are asked to spend a day at the home for a full needs assessment to be undertaken. The assessment covers all care needs including personal, social and emotional needs. Staff complete the assessment by observing without intrusion, how the resident is able to manage with daily living activities such as the ability to walk around the home. The person’s likes and dislikes for food items and their social interests and hobbies are documented. Relatives are involved with the assessment and information from care managers and health professionals is included in the completed report. Residents who are unable to visit the home for assessment are assessed at their home or place of residency such as hospital. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 10 Health and Personal Care The intended outcomes for Standards 7 – 11 are: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. The service user’s health, personal and social care needs are set out in an individual plan of care. Service users’ health care needs are fully met. Service users, where appropriate, are responsible for their own medication, and are protected by the home’s policies and procedures for dealing with medicines. Service users feel they are treated with respect and their right to privacy is upheld. Service users are assured that at the time of their death, staff will treat them and their family with care, sensitivity and respect. The Commission considers Standards 7, 8, 9 and 10 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 Good care plans provide staff with the information required to fully support the residents whose health care needs are met and who are treated with respect and sensitivity throughout their stay at the home. The residents are protected by the home’s clear policies and procedures for dealing with medicines. EVIDENCE: The full needs assessment forms the basis for the individual care plans. Care plans sampled for two residents contained good information on all aspects of care needs, including personal and social needs. The plans seen showed evidence of regular review and of the resident or relative’s involvement. The plans contained risk assessments for pressure areas, falls, continence and the use of the stair lift. It was evident from information recorded in the care plans and daily records, that residents’ health care needs were being met. GPs visited on a regular basis and on request and other health professionals such as physiotherapists attended on referral through the GP. The community psychiatric nurse had Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 11 been approached for advice for one resident and district nurses were also visiting the home to offer support and advice. The registered manager said that an optician visited twice a year and a dentist attended residents who were unable to go to appointments at dental surgeries in the community. The home has clear procedures in place for dealing with medicines. Medicines are stored in a room that has a keypad entry system to ensure only staff have access to the room. Records are kept of all medicines entering the home and the disposal of unwanted medicines. Resident’s individual medication records seen had been completed appropriately. Records for Temazepam, a medicine the home requires two people to sign for at the time of administration were up to date. At the time of the inspection there were no residents who were responsible for their own medication. Staff receive training in the administration of medicines before they are able to give out the medication and up to date information on the medicines used at the home was available for staff. During the inspection visit staff were observed talking to residents in a friendly respectful manner. Three residents spoken with said that staff treated them with respect. Comments included ‘the staff are lovely, they are always caring and treat us with respect’. A district nurse was visiting at the time and residents received treatment from her in the privacy of their own rooms. The registered manager said that residents were able to stay at the home for as long as possible when they were very ill and dying. Advice and support is sought from the GPs and district nurses and the staffing levels are increased to allow staff members time to spend with the ill resident. Relatives are able to visit for as they wish. The registered manager said that if even with all the support available, the home did not feel able to give the care and support required to meet the needs of the dying resident, admission to hospital might be necessary. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 12 Daily Life and Social Activities The intended outcomes for Standards 12 - 15 are: 12. 13. 14. 15. Service users find the lifestyle experienced in the home matches their expectations and preferences, and satisfies their social, cultural, religious and recreational interests and needs. Service users maintain contact with family/ friends/ representatives and the local community as they wish. Service users are helped to exercise choice and control over their lives. Service users receive a wholesome appealing balanced diet in pleasing surroundings at times convenient to them. The Commission considers all of the above key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 12, 13, 14 and 15 Residents social, cultural and religious needs are met and they are able to participate in a programme of suitable activities, receive visitors as they wish and are offered a choice of nourishing well-presented meals served in a relaxed atmosphere. EVIDENCE: Residents spoken with said that they were able to exercise choice over their daily living activities. Care plans seen indicated that timings for getting up and going to bed were flexible and the resident’s social interests were documented. The registered manager said that there were no residents from an ethnic minority at present but that if a resident had cultural or religious interests every effort would be made to accommodate them. A Church of England service is held once a month and a service for the Baptist Church is also held regularly. Residents are able to choose to attend the services as they wish. The home provides a varied programme of social activities for residents including Bingo, sing a longs, music time, videos and sherry mornings. An activities organiser employed by the home visits frequently to provide exercise sessions, quizzes and talks for residents. Two residents commented on their enjoyment of the social activities and one resident said that it was ‘nice to be able to join in or not, depending on how you felt that day’. Residents had put a Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 13 note to staff on the notice board saying thank you for the lovely time they had over Christmas. The registered manager said that visitors were welcome at the home at any time. A resident who said that her family visited often and were always made to feel welcome confirmed this. It was evident during the visit that residents were able to exercise choice over their lives. Residents were able to choose which lounge they would like to sit in or they were spending time in their own rooms. Staff asked residents if they would like a drink and if so what would they like. A staff member was heard to ask a resident if she would like a bath and whether she wanted it now or later in the day. Residents commented on the quality of the food provided at the home. A staff member asks residents for their preferred choice of meals on a daily basis. Lunch on the day of the inspection was a choice of breaded cod or fish steak in parsley sauce with sautéed potatoes, peas, sweet corn and tomatoes followed by pear and mandarin flan and custard or yoghurt. Soup and salad were also on offer for anyone who wished a light lunch. The supper menu for the evening was a choice of soup, bacon and eggs or beans on toast with rice pudding or tinned fruit for dessert. Cold drinks, tea, coffee and hot chocolate with biscuits and cake were available throughout the day and staff are able to access the kitchen at night to provide hot drinks and snacks for residents who wish them. Meals served at the time of the inspection looked nourishing and well presented. The home has a separate dining room and meals were taken in a friendly relaxed atmosphere. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 14 Complaints and Protection The intended outcomes for Standards 16 - 18 are: 16. 17. 18. Service users and their relatives and friends are confident that their complaints will be listened to, taken seriously and acted upon. Service users’ legal rights are protected. Service users are protected from abuse. The Commission considers Standards 16 and 18 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 18 Residents are protected by staff awareness of abuse issues. EVIDENCE: The home has good clear procedures in place to be followed should abuse be suspected. The documents provide staff with details of how to manage the situation and also indicates what not to do such as promise confidentiality when actions may need to be taken to ensure the resident or the staff member is kept safe. The home also has the procedures provided by Hampshire County Council on Adult Protection. The registered manager said that staff receive training during induction and discussion groups are held to ensure staff are aware of abuse issues. Two staff members spoken with had received training and were aware of the procedures to be followed should abuse be suspected. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 15 Environment The intended outcomes for Standards 19 – 26 are: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Service users live in a safe, well-maintained environment. Service users have access to safe and comfortable indoor and outdoor communal facilities. Service users have sufficient and suitable lavatories and washing facilities. Service users have the specialist equipment they require to maximise their independence. Service users’ own rooms suit their needs. Service users live in safe, comfortable bedrooms with their own possessions around them. Service users live in safe, comfortable surroundings. The home is clean, pleasant and hygienic. The Commission considers Standards 19 and 26 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 Whitegates provides residents with a safe, clean environment that has cheerful communal rooms, personalised bedrooms, sufficient bathroom and toilet facilities and specialist equipment as required. EVIDENCE: Whitegates provides accommodation for 21 older people. The home is situated in a quiet residential area of Ringwood but there is easy access to the town centre. All the residents are accommodated in single rooms and the have access to the two lounges and a separate dining room on the ground floor and a lounge on the first floor. A lift and stair lift are provided and grab rails and ramps have been fitted where necessary, to enable residents to remain as independent as possible. On the day of the inspection the home looked clean and welcoming. The furniture and fittings in the communal rooms looked cheerful and suitable for the residents and the home looked well maintained. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 16 Resident’s bedrooms looked homely and contained many personal items such as photographs and ornaments. A resident in her room said that she liked her room very much. The home is centrally heated. The registered manager said that a portable radiator seen in one bedroom was there at the resident’s request. The registered manager said that she would check how hot the radiator got when fully on to ensure the safety of the resident. The home has an ongoing programme for redecoration of rooms and residents are able to choose the colour for the décor of their rooms. The home has sufficient bathroom and toilet facilities and five of the bedrooms have en-suite facilities. All the other bedrooms are fitted with a wash hand basin. Doors to bathroom, toilets and bedrooms are all fitted with suitable locks to allow residents privacy as required. Specialist equipment such as hoists is available as required. Visitors to the home are admitted by staff and are asked to complete the record book when entering and leaving the property. A call alarm system is in place in all areas accessed by residents. Call alarms were seen to be accessible to residents. Major building work is taking place in the grounds of the home to provide accommodation for people who do not require residential care but wish to have an on call system for assistance as required. The accommodation is separate from the home and every effort is being made to minimise the disturbance for residents. The registered manager said that when the building work is completed the area of garden affected by the work will be landscaped and more parking areas will be provided. Parking is very limited at present due to the building work. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 17 Staffing The intended outcomes for Standards 27 – 30 are: 27. 28. 29. 30. Service users’ needs are met by the numbers and skill mix of staff. Service users are in safe hands at all times. Service users are supported and protected by the home’s recruitment policy and practices. Staff are trained and competent to do their jobs. The Commission consider all the above are key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 27, 28, 29 and 30 Resident’s needs are met by the number and skill mix of staff employed at the home and by staff who receive the training required to do their jobs and who are recruited through robust recruitment procedures. EVIDENCE: The home employs the registered manager, a care leader and thirteen carers. The registered manager is also able to call on the services of two carers who work as bank staff. Separate staff are employed for catering, laundry and domestic duties. The registered manager and three care staff are on duty in the day and there is the registered manager or care leader plus two or three carers in the evening. At night there are two carers. The registered manager or the registered provider is on call when not on duty at the home so that staff always have support. Three residents who were asked about staffing levels at the home said that they felt there were enough staff on duty, as they did not have to wait long when they asked for assistance. Five of the care staff have obtained National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) level 2 or above and five more staff are in the process of completing the training programme. A further two carers are due to start the training course in March 2006. Two staff members spoken with said that they were encouraged to attend training sessions and obtain qualifications. All staff are completing a new induction programme. The induction programme is good and covers all aspects of care provision. It is completed in five units Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 18 that cover the principles of care, the role of the employer and worker, clients, safety at work and the care home setting. The registered manager said that she had asked all staff members, new and those who have been employed for sometime to complete the programme so that they all had the same base to work from and to encourage them to complete further training programmes. Recruitment records were seen for two staff members. The records contained all the information required including two written references and proof of identity. The records indicated that a Protection of Vulnerable Adult (POVA) check was obtained before staff started work at the home and the staff members worked under supervision until the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) check was received. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 19 Management and Administration The intended outcomes for Standards 31 – 38 are: 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Service users live in a home which is run and managed by a person who is fit to be in charge, of good character and able to discharge his or her responsibilities fully. Service users benefit from the ethos, leadership and management approach of the home. The home is run in the best interests of service users. Service users are safeguarded by the accounting and financial procedures of the home. Service users’ financial interests are safeguarded. Staff are appropriately supervised. Service users’ rights and best interests are safeguarded by the home’s record keeping, policies and procedures. The health, safety and welfare of service users and staff are promoted and protected. The Commission considers Standards 31, 33, 35 and 38 the key standards to be inspected at least once during a 12 month period. JUDGEMENT – we looked at outcomes for the following standard(s): 31, 32, 33, 35, 36 and 38 The registered manager has the experience required to run the home and her open approach to management benefits the staff and residents who have the opportunity to voice their opinions on the quality of care provided at the home. Resident’s financial interests are safeguarded and they are protected by the regular supervision of staff and by the safe working practices in operation at the home. EVIDENCE: The registered manager has the experience required to run the home. Mrs Chapman has worked at the home for seven years, first as a carer then deputy manager and now registered manager. She is currently studying for NVQ4 in management and the Registered Managers Award. Residents and staff spoken with during the inspection visit said that the registered manager was approachable and supportive. Mrs Chapman operates Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 20 an open door approach to management and it was evident during the visit that she has a good relationship with the staff and residents. The registered manager said that meetings for residents are held twice a year or more often if there is an issue to discuss such as the progress of the building work. Minutes are taken at the meetings and copies are available for residents. Minutes seen for the last meeting indicated that residents were given the opportunity to voice their opinions on any aspects of life at the home, as they wished. The commission had received five comment cards from residents, all indicating that the residents were very satisfied with the care provided at the home. Staff meetings are also held regularly and as required. Copies of the minutes are available for staff and those who have not attended the meeting are asked to read them and discuss any issues or concerns with the registered manager. The home holds small amounts of money for residents, which is stored in individual containers in a locked safe. Receipts are kept for all transactions and the records seen for the monies of three residents matched the amounts held. Staff receive regular supervision which includes supervision of tasks and personal development such as training needs and opportunities. The registered manager said that staff are asked to read a number of the home’s policies and procedures so that they can be discussed during the supervision session to ensure they understand the documents. A staff member spoken with confirmed she had regular supervision meetings. On the day of the inspection the kitchen looked clean and in good order with food stored appropriately. Hazardous substances such as cleaning fluids were stored securely. Staff receive training in health and safety including moving and handling, infection control, first aid and food hygiene. Fire records seen indicated that all bar one staff member has received fire safety training and attended fire drills. The one staff member had received training but had not attended a fire drill. The registered manager said that she had arranged for a fire drill for the staff member’s next shift on duty. Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 21 SCORING OF OUTCOMES This page summarises the assessment of the extent to which the National Minimum Standards for Care Homes for Older People have been met and uses the following scale. The scale ranges from: 4 Standard Exceeded 2 Standard Almost Met (Commendable) (Minor Shortfalls) 3 Standard Met 1 Standard Not Met (No Shortfalls) (Major Shortfalls) “X” in the standard met box denotes standard not assessed on this occasion “N/A” in the standard met box denotes standard not applicable CHOICE OF HOME Standard No Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 ENVIRONMENT Standard No Score 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 3 3 3 x x N/A HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE Standard No Score 7 4 8 4 9 3 10 3 11 3 DAILY LIFE AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES Standard No Score 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 COMPLAINTS AND PROTECTION Standard No Score 16 x 17 x 18 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 STAFFING Standard No Score 27 3 28 3 29 3 30 3 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Standard No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Score 3 3 3 x 3 3 x 3 Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 22 Are there any outstanding requirements from the last inspection? NO STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS This section sets out the actions, which must be taken so that the registered person/s meets the Care Standards Act 2000, Care Homes Regulations 2001 and the National Minimum Standards. The Registered Provider(s) must comply with the given timescales. No. Standard Regulation Requirement Timescale for action RECOMMENDATIONS These recommendations relate to National Minimum Standards and are seen as good practice for the Registered Provider/s to consider carrying out. No. Refer to Standard Good Practice Recommendations Whitegates Care Home DS0000042355.V278033.R01.S.doc Version 5.1 Page 23 Commission for Social Care Inspection Hampshire Office 4th Floor Overline House Blechynden Terrace Southampton SO15 1GW National Enquiry Line: 0845 015 0120 Email: enquiries@csci.gsi.gov.uk Web: www.csci.org.uk © This report is copyright Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) and may only be used in its entirety. 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